如何在手机上配置 Python 环境

一、Termux安装与配置

1. 系统要求

• Android 7.0以上的平板或手机。这里建议使用兼顾了便携性和屏幕尺寸的8寸平板。
• 2G以上可用空间。由于需要安装各种软件包，对存储空间的消耗还是比较大的。
  
  

2. Termux安装

Termux 是一款支持 Linux 环境的 Android 终端模拟器APP。你无需对手机进行root或额外设置即可使用。这款APP会在手机中自动安装一个最小化基本系统，并支持使用 APT 包管理工具安装软件。

• 主程序Termux下载地址：

https://f-droid.org/repo/com.termux_106.apk

• 美化工具Termux:Styling下载地址：

https://f-droid.org/repo/com.termux.styling_29.apk

3. Termux基本操作

• 快捷键

Ctrl + A -> 将光标移动到行首
Ctrl + E -> 将光标移动到行尾
Ctrl + C -> 中止当前进程
Ctrl + D -> 注销终端会话
Ctrl + K -> 从光标删除到行尾
Ctrl + U -> 从光标删除到行首
Ctrl + L -> 清除终端
Ctrl + Z -> 挂起（发送SIGTSTP到）当前进程

音量加 + E -> Esc键
音量加 + T -> Tab键
音量加 + 1 -> F1（音量增加 + 2 → F2…以此类推）
音量加 + 0 -> F10
音量加 + B -> Alt + B，使用readline时返回一个单词
音量加 + F -> Alt + F，使用readline时转发一个单词
音量加 + X -> Alt+X
音量加 + W -> 向上箭头键
音量加 + A -> 向左箭头键
音量加 + S -> 向下箭头键
音量加 + D -> 向右箭头键
音量加 + L -> | （管道字符）
音量加 + H -> 〜（波浪号字符）
音量加 + U -> _ (下划线字符)
音量加 + P -> 上一页
音量加 + N -> 下一页
音量加 + . -> Ctrl + \（SIGQUIT）
音量加 + V -> 显示音量控制
音量加 + Q -> 切换显示的功能键视
音量加 + K -> 切换显示的功能键视图

4. 修改软件源

sed -i 's@^\(deb.*stable main\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/termux-packages-24 stable main@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's@^\(deb.*games stable\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/game-packages-24 games stable@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.d/game.list
sed -i 's@^\(deb.*science stable\)$@#\1\ndeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/science-packages-24 science stable@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.d/science.list
apt update && apt upgrade

5. 安装基本组件

pkg install -y zsh curl wget build-essential
pkg install -y git python nodejs-lts perl ipython
pkg install -y neovim lazygit ranger fzf

二、终端配置

1. Shell配置

• 安装oh-my-zsh

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

plugins=(
    git
    python
    colorize
    zsh-interactive-cd
    zsh-navigation-tools
    zsh-autosuggestions
)

2. 主题美化

2.1 配色与字体

2.2 主题配置

• 安装

git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

• 配置

3. 启用vi模式（可选）

# Better searching in command mode
bindkey -M vicmd '?' history-incremental-search-backward
bindkey -M vicmd '/' history-incremental-search-forward

# Beginning search with arrow keys
bindkey "\033[1~" beginning-of-line
bindkey "\033[4~" end-of-line
bindkey '^[[3~' delete-char
bindkey "^[OA" up-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey "^[OB" down-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey -M vicmd "k" up-line-or-beginning-search
bindkey -M vicmd "j" down-line-or-beginning-search

三、Python包安装与配置

1. 安装环境配置

# 配置pypi源
pip install pip -U
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

# 依赖项
pip install wheel
pip install setuptools --upgrade

2 Python包安装

• 安装numpy和scipy

# 添加第三方仓库
curl -LO https://its-pointless.github.io/setup-pointless-repo.sh
bash setup-pointless-repo.sh

# 从仓库安装numpy scipy
pkg install -y numpy scipy

• 安装lxml

# 安装lxml的依赖项
pkg install -y libxml2 libxslt

# 安装lxml
pip install lxml

• 安装pillow

# 安装pillow的依赖项
pkg install -y libjpeg-turbo libtiff 
pkg install -y littlecms tk libwebp libsodium

# 安装pillow
pip install pillow

• 安装matplotlib

# 安装matplotlib的依赖项
pkg install -y freetype libpng
pip install kiwisolver cycler 
pip install pyparsing python-dateutil
# 安装matplotlib
pip install matplotlib

• 安装pandas

# 安装pandas的依赖项
pip install -y pytz cython

# 安装pandas
export CFLAGS="-Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-unreachable-code"
pip install pandas

• 安装jupyter

# 安装jupyter依赖项
pkg install -y libzmq libcrypt pkg-config

# 安装jupyter 
pip install jupyter

四、IPython和NeoVim配置

1. IPython配置

• 安装IPython

# 安装yapf
pip install yapf

# 安装Pygments
pip install pygments

# 安装ipython
pip install ipython

• 创建配置文件

• 修改配置文件

# 配置终端颜色
c.InteractiveShell.colors = 'Linux'
c.TerminalInteractiveShell.autoformatter = 'yapf' 
# 配置高亮方案，可通过pygmentize -L styles浏览所有可选配置
c.TerminalInteractiveShell.highlight_style = 'monokai' 
# 配置魔术命令%editor使用的编辑器
c.TerminalInteractiveShell.editor = 'nvim'

2. NeoVim配置

pip install pynvim

• 创建init.vim文件进行基本配置

" 一般设置
set nocompatible "关闭与vi的兼容模式
set number "显示行号
set nowrap    "不自动折行
set showmatch    "显示匹配的括号
set scrolloff=3        "距离顶部和底部3行"
set encoding=utf-8  "编码
set fenc=utf-8      "编码
set fileencodings=utf-8
set hlsearch        "搜索高亮
syntax on    "语法高亮
set tabstop=4   "tab宽度
set shiftwidth=4  
set smarttab
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set expandtab       "tab替换为空格键
set fileformat=unix   "保存文件格式
set splitbelow
set cmdheight=2
set completeopt=longest,menu
set splitright
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevel=99
" 设置空格为leader键
let mapleader=" "

• 使用vim-plug安装NeoVim插件

curl -fLo ~/.config/nvim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
    https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim

" vim-plug插件管理
call plug#begin('~/.config/nvim/plugged')
Plug 'junegunn/vim-plug'
call plug#end()

• 常用插件及设置

call plug#begin('~/.config/nvim/plugged')
Plug 'junegunn/vim-plug'
" git支持
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
" Python自动缩进插件
Plug 'vim-scripts/indentpython.vim'
" 项目管理工具
Plug 'mhinz/vim-startify'
" 快速对齐插件
Plug 'junegunn/vim-easy-align'
" 当前光标下的单词增加下划线
Plug 'itchyny/vim-cursorword'
" 快速选择插件
Plug 'tpope/vim-surround'
" 自定义代码片断
Plug 'honza/vim-snippets'
" 语法高亮支持
Plug 'sheerun/vim-polyglot'
" 主题、状态栏设置
Plug 'haishanh/night-owl.vim'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
Plug 'ryanoasis/vim-devicons'
" coc扩展
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
" fzf模糊查找
Plug 'junegunn/fzf', { 'dir': '~/.fzf', 'do': './install --all' }
Plug 'junegunn/fzf.vim'
" whichkey快捷菜单
Plug 'liuchengxu/vim-which-key
" 浮动窗口支持
Plug 'voldikss/vim-floaterm'
" ranger文件管理器支持
Plug 'kevinhwang91/rnvimr'
call plug#end()

" 启用标签栏
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
" 支持图标字体
let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1
" 设置状态栏主题
let g:airline_theme='night_owl'
" 设置主题
set termguicolors
let &t_8f = "\[38;2;%lu;%lu;%lum"
let &t_8b = "\[48;2;%lu;%lu;%lum"
syntax enable
colorscheme night-owl

• 安装、配置coc.nvim扩展

" coc扩展
let g:coc_global_extensions = [
      \'coc-json',
      \'coc-pyright',
      \'coc-snippets',
      \'coc-xml',
      \'coc-explorer',
      \'coc-prettier',
      \'coc-highlight']

" 使用tab键进行补全选择
inoremap  
      \ pumvisible() ? "\" :
      \ check_back_space() ? "\" :
      \ coc#refresh()
inoremap  pumvisible() ? "\" : "\"

function! s:check_back_space() abort
  let col = col('.') - 1
  return !col || getline('.')[col - 1]  =~# '\s'
endfunction

" 使用回车进行补全选择
inoremap   pumvisible() ? coc#_select_confirm()
                              \: "\u\\=coc#on_enter()\"

" Highlight the symbol and its references when holding the cursor.
autocmd CursorHold * silent call CocActionAsync('highlight')

" Add `:Format` command to format current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 Format :call CocAction('format')

" Add `:Fold` command to fold current buffer.
command! -nargs=? Fold :call     CocAction('fold', )

" Add `:OR` command for organize imports of the current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 OR   :call     CocAction('runCommand', 'editor.action.organizeImport')

" 添加状态栏显示支持
set statusline^=%{coc#status()}%{get(b:,'coc_current_function','')}

" 启用Prettier进行文件自动格式化
command! -nargs=0 Prettier :CocCommand prettier.formatFile
let g:prettier#autoformat = 1

" 设置Coc Search
nnoremap ? :CocSearch =expand("")

{
    "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python",
    "python.pythonPath": "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python",
    "python.linting.pylintEnable":true,
    "python.formatting.provider": "yapf",
    "python.formatting.yapfArgs": [
        "--style",
        "{SPACES_AROUND_POWER_OPERATOR: True, SPACES_BEFORE_COMMENT: 1}"
    ],
    "explorer.width": 38,
    "explorer.quitOnOpen": true,
    "explorer.sources": [
        {
            "name": "buffer",
            "expand": false
        },
        {
            "name": "file",
            "expand": true
        }
    ],
    "explorer.file.column.indent.indentLine": true,
    "explorer.file.showHiddenFiles": true,
    "explorer.icon.enableNerdfont": true,
    "explorer.keyMappingMode": "none",
    "explorer.buffer.showHiddenBuffers": false,
    "explorer.keyMappings.global": {
        "o": ["wait", "expanded?", "collapse", "expand"],
        "": ["wait", "expandable?", "cd", "open"],
        "?": "help",
        "q": "quit"
    },
    "coc.preferences.formatOnSaveFiletypes": ["*"],
    "prettier.printWidth": 100,
    "prettier.eslintIntegration": true,
    "prettier.disableLanguages": [],
    "prettier.formatterPriority": 1,
    "prettier.useTabs": true,
    "prettier.trailingComma": "all",
    "prettier.singleQuote": false,
    "prettier.tabWidth": 4
}

• 配置vim-which-key

" 将空格设置为whichkeyleader键
nnoremap   :WhichKey ''

" whichkey基本配置
let g:which_key_timeout = 100
let g:which_key_display_names = {'': '↵', '': '⇆'}
let g:which_key_map =  {}
let g:which_key_sep = '→'
let g:which_key_use_floating_win = 0
let g:which_key_max_size = 0

" 呼出whichkey时隐藏状态栏
autocmd! FileType which_key
autocmd  FileType which_key set laststatus=0 noshowmode noruler
  \| autocmd BufLeave  set laststatus=2 noshowmode ruler

" 自定义whichkey
let g:which_key_map['?'] = 'search word'
let g:which_key_map['/'] = [ ':call Comment()'                                 , 'comment' ]
let g:which_key_map['.'] = [ ':e $MYVIMRC'                                     , 'open init' ]
let g:which_key_map[';'] = [ ':Commands'                                       , 'commands' ]
let g:which_key_map['e'] = [ ':CocCommand explorer --toggle --sources=file+'   , 'explorer' ]
let g:which_key_map['n'] = [ ':let @/ = ""'                                    , 'no highlight' ]
let g:which_key_map['q'] = [ '(coc-fix-current)'                         , 'quickfix' ]
let g:which_key_map['u'] = [ ':UndotreeToggle'                                 , 'undo tree']
let g:which_key_map['t'] = [':FloatermNew --wintype=normal --height=6'        , 'terminal']
let g:which_key_map['r'] = [ ':FloatermNew ranger'                            , 'ranger']
let g:which_key_map['f'] = [':FloatermNew fzf'                               , 'fzf']
let g:which_key_map['g'] = [':FloatermNew lazygit'                           , 'git']
let g:which_key_map['p'] = [':FloatermNew python'                            , 'python']
call which_key#register('', "g:which_key_map")

• 在NeoVim中运行Python脚本

"在普通模式下，按r来运行Python脚本
noremap r :call RunPython() 
func! RunPython()
    exec "w"
    if &filetype == 'python'
        exec "!time python %"
    endif
endfunc

五、结语

https://gitee.com/knightz1224/termux_config/