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Spring Boot 中配置多数据源

Java架构技术进阶

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 · 2021-03-06

多数据源可以理解为多数据库，甚至可以是多个不同类型的数据库，比如一个是MySql，一个是Oracle。随着项目的扩大，有时需要数据库的拆分或者引入另一个数据库，这时就需要配置多个数据源。

SpringBoot中使用多数据源还是比较简单的，为了演示方便，我们在MySql中创建两个数据库：ds1、ds2，并在ds1数据库中创建student表，在ds2数据库中创建teacher表。数据库脚本如下：

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------

-- Table structure for student

-- ----------------------------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student`  (
  `id` varchar(16) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `class` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------

-- Records of student

-- ----------------------------

INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('123456', 'zhangsan', '北京');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('123457', 'lisi', '上海');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;


SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------

-- Table structure for teacher

-- ----------------------------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher`  (
  `id` varchar(16) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `class` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------

-- Records of teacher

-- ----------------------------

INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('0000001', 'wangwu', '上海');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

基于MyBatis的多数据源实现

首先创建一个MyBatis项目，项目结构如下:



数据库连接配置如下：

spring:
  datasource:
    ds1: #数据源1，默认数据源
      url: jdbc:mysql://172.16.10.54:3306/ds1?serverTimezone=GMT&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
      username: root
      password: root
      typ: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      filters: stat
      maxActive: 2
      initialSize: 1
      maxWait: 60000
      minIdle: 1
      timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
      minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
      validationQuery: SELECT 1
      testWhileIdle: true
      testOnBorrow: false
      testOnReturn: false
      poolPreparedStatements: true
      maxOpenPreparedStatements: 20

    ds2: #数据源2
      url: jdbc:mysql://172.16.10.54:3306/ds2?serverTimezone=GMT&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
      username: root
      password: root
      typ: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      filters: stat
      maxActive: 2
      initialSize: 1
      maxWait: 60000
      minIdle: 1
      timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
      minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
      validationQuery: SELECT 1
      testWhileIdle: true
      testOnBorrow: false
      testOnReturn: false
      poolPreparedStatements: true
      maxOpenPreparedStatements: 20
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

重写SpringBoot的数据源配置：

package org.jeemp.db.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * @author JackRen
 * @date 2021/3/3
 *
 **/
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = {"org.jeemp.db.mapper.ds1"}, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory1")
public class Datasource1Configuration {
    @Value("${mybatis.mapper-locations}")
    private String mapperLocation;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.url}")
    private String jdbcUrl;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name}")
    private String driverClassName;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.password}")
    private String password;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.initialSize}")
    private int initialSize;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.minIdle}")
    private int minIdle;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds1.maxActive}")
    private int maxActive;

    @Bean(name = "dataSource1")
    @Primary
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcUrl);
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
        dataSource.setUsername(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        dataSource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
        dataSource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
        dataSource.setMaxActive(maxActive);

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean("sqlSessionFactory1")
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dataSource1") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(
                new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocation));

        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean("sqlSessionTemplate1")
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory1") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

    @Bean("transactionManager1")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(@Qualifier("dataSource1")DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }
}
package org.jeemp.db.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author JackRen
 * @date 2021/3/3
 *
 **/
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = {"org.jeemp.db.mapper.ds2"}, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory2")
public class Datasource2Configuration {
    @Value("${mybatis.mapper-locations}")
    private String mapperLocation;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.url}")
    private String jdbcUrl;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name}")
    private String driverClassName;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.password}")
    private String password;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.initialSize}")
    private int initialSize;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.minIdle}")
    private int minIdle;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.ds2.maxActive}")
    private int maxActive;

    @Bean(name = "dataSource2")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcUrl);
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
        dataSource.setUsername(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        dataSource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
        dataSource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
        dataSource.setMaxActive(maxActive);

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean("sqlSessionFactory2")
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dataSource2") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(
                new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocation));

        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean("sqlSessionTemplate2")
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory2") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

    @Bean("transactionManager2")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(@Qualifier("dataSource2") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }
}

这里和单数据源不同的地方在于对 dataSource 、 sqlSessionFactory 、 sqlSessionTemplate、 transactionManager 都进行了单独的配置。另外，数据源1和数据源2主要存在两点不同：

  1. @MapperScan 中的包扫描路径不一样，数据源1只扫描 org.jeemp.db.mapper.ds1 路径下的 Mapper ，数据源2负责 org.jeemp.db.mapper.ds2下Mapper ，所以在前面创建的时候我们要把 StudentMapper 和 TeacherMapper 分开。因为在这里已经配置了 @MapperScan ，所以在启动类中必须不能在存在 @MapperScan 注解

  2. 数据源1中多一个 @Primary 注解，这是告诉Spring我们使用的默认数据源，也是多数据源项目中必不可少的。

测试下：

先查询下学生



再查询下老师



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