MySQL中varchar(50)和varchar(500)区别是什么?
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2024-06-24 09:19
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一. 问题描述
-
对于可变长度的字段，在满足条件的前提下，尽可能使用较短的变长字段长度。
-
基于存储空间的考虑 -
基于性能的考虑
Varchar(50)和varchar(500)存储空间上是一样的,真的是这样吗?
二.验证存储空间区别
1.准备两张表
CREATE TABLE `category_info_varchar_50` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '分类名称',
`is_show` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否展示：0 禁用，1启用',
`sort` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '序号',
`deleted` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否删除',
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
KEY `idx_name` (`name`) USING BTREE COMMENT '名称索引'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='分类';
CREATE TABLE `category_info_varchar_500` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`name` varchar(500) NOT NULL COMMENT '分类名称',
`is_show` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否展示：0 禁用，1启用',
`sort` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '序号',
`deleted` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否删除',
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
KEY `idx_name` (`name`) USING BTREE COMMENT '名称索引'
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=288135 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='分类';
2.准备数据
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE batchInsertData(IN total INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE start_idx INT DEFAULT 1;
DECLARE end_idx INT;
DECLARE batch_size INT DEFAULT 500;
DECLARE insert_values TEXT;
SET end_idx = LEAST(total, start_idx + batch_size - 1);
WHILE start_idx <= total DO
SET insert_values = '';
WHILE start_idx <= end_idx DO
SET insert_values = CONCAT(insert_values, CONCAT('(\'name', start_idx, '\', 0, 0, 0, NOW(), NOW()),'));
SET start_idx = start_idx + 1;
END WHILE;
SET insert_values = LEFT(insert_values, LENGTH(insert_values) - 1); -- Remove the trailing comma
SET @sql = CONCAT('INSERT INTO category_info_varchar_50 (name, is_show, sort, deleted, create_time, update_time) VALUES ', insert_values, ';');
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
SET @sql = CONCAT('INSERT INTO category_info_varchar_500 (name, is_show, sort, deleted, create_time, update_time) VALUES ', insert_values, ';');
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
SET end_idx = LEAST(total, start_idx + batch_size - 1);
END WHILE;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL batchInsertData(1000000);
3.验证存储空间
SELECT
table_schema AS "数据库",
table_name AS "表名",
table_rows AS "记录数",
TRUNCATE ( data_length / 1024 / 1024, 2 ) AS "数据容量（MB）",
TRUNCATE ( index_length / 1024 / 1024, 2 ) AS "索引容量（MB）"
FROM
information_schema.TABLES
WHERE
table_schema = 'test_mysql_field'
and TABLE_NAME = 'category_info_varchar_50'
ORDER BY
data_length DESC,
index_length DESC;
SELECT
table_schema AS "数据库",
table_name AS "表名",
table_rows AS "记录数",
TRUNCATE ( data_length / 1024 / 1024, 2 ) AS "数据容量（MB）",
TRUNCATE ( index_length / 1024 / 1024, 2 ) AS "索引容量（MB）"
FROM
information_schema.TABLES
WHERE
table_schema = 'test_mysql_field'
and TABLE_NAME = 'category_info_varchar_500'
ORDER BY
data_length DESC,
index_length DESC;
4.结论
三.验证性能区别
1.验证索引覆盖查询
select name from category_info_varchar_50 where name = 'name100000'
-- 耗时0.012s
select name from category_info_varchar_500 where name = 'name100000'
-- 耗时0.012s
select name from category_info_varchar_50 order by name;
-- 耗时0.370s
select name from category_info_varchar_500 order by name;
-- 耗时0.379s
1.验证索引查询
select * from category_info_varchar_50 where name = 'name100000'
--耗时 0.012s
select * from category_info_varchar_500 where name = 'name100000'
--耗时 0.012s
select * from category_info_varchar_50 where name in('name100','name1000','name100000','name10000','name1100000',
'name200','name2000','name200000','name20000','name2200000','name300','name3000','name300000','name30000','name3300000',
'name400','name4000','name400000','name40000','name4400000','name500','name5000','name500000','name50000','name5500000',
'name600','name6000','name600000','name60000','name6600000','name700','name7000','name700000','name70000','name7700000','name800',
'name8000','name800000','name80000','name6600000','name900','name9000','name900000','name90000','name9900000')
-- 耗时 0.011s -0.014s
-- 增加 order by name 耗时 0.012s - 0.015s
select * from category_info_varchar_50 where name in('name100','name1000','name100000','name10000','name1100000',
'name200','name2000','name200000','name20000','name2200000','name300','name3000','name300000','name30000','name3300000',
'name400','name4000','name400000','name40000','name4400000','name500','name5000','name500000','name50000','name5500000',
'name600','name6000','name600000','name60000','name6600000','name700','name7000','name700000','name70000','name7700000','name800',
'name8000','name800000','name80000','name6600000','name900','name9000','name900000','name90000','name9900000')
-- 耗时 0.012s -0.014s
-- 增加 order by name 耗时 0.014s - 0.017s
3.验证全表查询和排序
全表无排序
全表有排序
select * from category_info_varchar_50 order by name ;
--耗时 1.498s
select * from category_info_varchar_500 order by name ;
--耗时 4.875s
结论:
分析原因
varchar50 全表执行sql分析
varchar500 全表执行sql分析
四.最终结论
来源：juejin.cn/post/7350228838151847976
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