4步搞定MySQL安装部署(附MySQL一键式部署脚本)
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2021-01-15 18:37
墨墨导读:良好的开端是成功的一半,从MySQL安装开始。
学习数据库技术,实际动手的第一步是安装自己的MySQL。MySQL方面也提供多样式的安装方式rpm ,tar ,源码包。当安装完投入使用之后,随着业务量,数据量的增加,往往会碰到很多意向不到的问题。如性能,安全,配置不合理等。对于最佳实践,都应该注意哪些。
1. MySQL 安装部署流程
1. 操作系统
Selinux:建议关闭SELinux功能,通过MySQL本身进行安全控制 Firewalld Iptable:防火墙肯定要设置 或则 关闭 时区:对于系统的来说 时间是非常重要指标 网络配置:高配置机器,网卡MTU提高,建议将私网网卡的MTU值增加到9000,同时启用私网交换机的Jumbo Frame属性。 磁盘格式:在平均文件较小,并发较小的IO场景,ext4和xfs表现差不多,前者略微胜出。当文件较大,并发较大时,xfs比ext4性能更好,同时更稳定。实际使用上来说,一般数据库的文件系统推荐用xfs。xfs的恢复比较麻烦,,这方面ext4的fschk修复成功率较高,而且ext4的社区支持比较完备。 盘调度算法:默认是使用的CFQ算法,对于数据库专用服务器,如果为机械磁盘,建议将磁盘调度算法调整为deadline模式,如果为固态硬盘,调整为noop模式,以提升I/O吞吐量和降低I/O响应时间。 虚拟内存使用策略:vm.swappiness,以提高mysql对内存的使用效率 资源限制:limits.conf的 nproc nofile 内核参数:net.ipv4.tcp 相关的 信号量:对应InnoDB: a long semaphore wait
2. MYSQL软件安装
下载版本:一定是官方下载,应用测试过兼容的版本 安装依赖:mysql执行依赖包 安装部署:建议tar.gz包
3. MYSQL软件安装
用户:安全考虑 数据目录:便于管理 提升io性能 权限赋予:赋予特定用户权限 执行权限 my.cnf配置:按照硬件配置,合理的配置
4. MYSQL初始化
初始化:初始化系统数据 密码:密码修改,不安全账号删除 第三方工具:pt-toolkit,xtrabackup 等常用运维工具
2. MySQL 一键式部署脚本
基于5.7.32编写的自动安装部署脚本。操作系统方面只加了资源添加部分。
Vim MySQL_AutoSetup .sh
#!/bin/bash
#####MySQL5.7.32数据库自动安装脚本
# Version: 1.0
# Author: kevinCUI
# Date: 2020-12-31
#####
#mysql 安装包的绝对路径,去掉.tar.gz
tarGzPath=/opt/idc/
tarGzFile=mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
#mysql 安装路径
installPath=/home/mysql/
#my.cnf配置文件
mysqlcnf=/home/mysql/my.cnf
#mysql serverid需要设置唯一的id,比如 ip+3位数字
mysqlServerid=1010101
#mysql 密码(不可擅自修改)
defaultPwd=123456
#mysql 端口
mysqlPort=3306
#mysql数据目录
data_default=${installPath}${mysqlPort}
data_datadir=${data_default}/data
data_binlog=${data_default}/binlog
data_dbdata=${data_default}/dbdata
data_logs=${data_default}/logs
data_tmp=${data_default}/tmp
data_undo=${data_default}/undo
# 校验是否为ROOT用户
CheckRoot()
{
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then
echo "Error: You must be root to run this script, please use root to install"
exit 1
fi
clear
}
#优化文件最大打开数
DependFile()
{
if [ $( cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep "mysql" | wc -l ) -lt 1 ] ;then
cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
* soft nproc 65536
* hard nproc 65536
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
mysql soft nproc 65536
mysql hard nproc 65536
mysql soft nofile 65536
mysql hard nofile 65536
EOF
fi
if [ -e /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf ];then
if [ $( cat /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf | grep "mysql" | wc -l ) -lt 1 ] ;then
cat >>/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf<
mysql soft nproc unlimited
EOF
fi
fi
if [ -e /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf ];then
if [ $( cat /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf | grep "mysql" | wc -l ) -lt 1 ] ;then
cat >>/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf<
mysql soft nproc unlimited
EOF
fi
fi
if [ -e /etc/sysctl.conf ];then
fs_file=$( cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max)
if [ ${fs_file} -lt 65535 ] ;then
sed -i "s/${fs_file}/65535/g" /etc/sysctl.conf
/usr/sbin/sysctl -p
fi
fi
echo -e "\e[31m #1.配置基础资源 \e[0m"
}
#拷贝tar.gz包
DecompressionTarGz()
{
if [ ! -e ${tarGzPath}${tarGzFile}.tar.gz ];then
echo -e "\e[31m ${tarGzPath}${tarGzFile}.tar.gz 不存在!请检查后重新执行脚本 \e[0m"
exit 1
fi
#解压并重命名到安装目录
if [ ! -d ${installPath}${tarGzFile} ] ;then
mkdir -p ${installPath}
tar -xvf ${tarGzPath}${tarGzFile}.tar.gz -C ${installPath} &> /dev/null
fi
echo -e "\e[31m #2.软件已解压 \e[0m"
}
#添加组合角色
AddMysqlUser()
{
if [ ! $(id -u "mysql") ]; then
echo "mysql user is not exists for to created"
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
fi
echo -e "\e[31m #3.mysql启动用户已准备完成 \e[0m"
}
#创建mysql 数据目录
createMysqlFolder()
{
if [ -d ${data_default} ] ;then
if [ $(du -s ${data_default} | awk 'NR==1{print $1}') -gt 0 ] ;then
mv ${data_default} ${data_default}"`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`"
fi
fi
mkdir -p ${data_datadir}
mkdir -p ${data_binlog}
mkdir -p ${data_dbdata}
mkdir -p ${data_logs}
mkdir -p ${data_tmp}
mkdir -p ${data_undo}
#赋予权限
chown -R mysql:mysql ${data_default}
chmod 700 ${data_tmp}
echo -e "\e[31m #4.mysql 数据目录 权限 已准备完成 \e[0m"
}
#创建my.cnf
MakeMyCnf()
{
if [ -e ${mysqlcnf} ] ;then
#mv ${mysqlcnf} ${mysqlcnf}"`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`"
rm ${mysqlcnf}
fi
cat >${mysqlcnf}<
[mysqld_safe]
user = mysql
nice = 0
[client]
socket = ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock
port = ${mysqlPort}
[mysqld]
############# GENERAL #############
skip_ssl
skip-name-resolve
autocommit = ON
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = ON
lower_case_table_names = 1
port = ${mysqlPort}
read_only = OFF
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 2000
expire_logs_days = 10
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
####### CACHES AND LIMITS #########
interactive_timeout = 600
lock_wait_timeout = 300
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_definition_cache = 2000
table_open_cache = 2000
table_open_cache_instances = 8
thread_cache_size = 32
thread_stack = 256K
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_io_capacity = 1000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
slave_max_allowed_packet = 1024M
slave_pending_jobs_size_max = 1024M
############# SAFETY ##############
local_infile = OFF
skip_name_resolve = ON
sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_ALL_TABLES
############# LOGGING #############
general_log = 0
log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON
log_slow_admin_statements = ON
log_warnings = 2
long_query_time = 1 #1秒慢日志
slow_query_log = ON
############# REPLICATION #############
server_id = ${mysqlServerid} #ip+3位数字
binlog_checksum = CRC32
binlog_format = ROW
binlog_rows_query_log_events = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
gtid_mode = ON
log_slave_updates = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
master_verify_checksum = ON
max_binlog_size = 512M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1024M #已修改,原值1024
binlog_cache_size = 8M
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
skip_slave_start = ON
slave_net_timeout = 10
slave_sql_verify_checksum = ON
sync_binlog = 1
sync_master_info = 1
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1
############### PATH ##############
basedir = ${installPath}${tarGzFile}
datadir = ${data_datadir}
tmpdir = ${data_tmp}
socket = ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock
pid_file = ${data_datadir}/mysql.pid
innodb_data_home_dir = ${data_dbdata}
log_error = ${data_logs}/error.log
general_log_file = ${data_logs}/general.log
slow_query_log_file = ${data_logs}/slow.log
log_bin = ${data_binlog}/mysql-bin
log_bin_index = ${data_binlog}/mysql-bin.index
relay_log = ${data_binlog}/relay-log
relay_log_index = ${data_binlog}/relay-log.index
# undo settings
innodb_undo_directory = ${data_undo}
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 16M
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 4
############# INNODB #############
innodb_file_format = barracuda
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_support_xa = ON
innodb_strict_mode = ON
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:32M;ibdata2:16M:autoextend
innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:1G:autoextend:max:30G
innodb_checksum_algorithm = strict_crc32
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 600
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_page_cleaners = 1
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 256
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
[mysql]
############# CLIENT #############
max_allowed_packet = 16M
socket = ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock
no-auto-rehash
[mysqldump]
max_allowed_packet = 16M
EOF
echo -e "\e[31m #5.mysql cnf配置完成,【需要按照实际情况更改】 \e[0m"
}
#初始化数据库
InitDataBase()
{
#cd ${installPath}${tarGzFile}
${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=${mysqlcnf} --basedir=${installPath}${tarGzFile} --datadir=${data_datadir} --user=mysql --initialize
${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysqlcnf} --user=mysql &
echo -e "\e[31m #6. 初始化数据库完成并启动服务. \e[0m"
}
#重置密码
ResetPwd()
{
sleep 10s
#从日志中获取mysql初始密码
pwd=`grep "A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: " ${data_logs}/error.log`
pwd=${pwd##*root@localhost:}
#防止因为初始密码中有特殊字符出错 拼接单引号
pwd=${pwd// /}
echo ${pwd}
${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysql -uroot -p${pwd} -S ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock --connect-expired-password -e "alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '${defaultPwd}';"
echo -e "\e[31m #7. 已重置数据库密码。登录方式如下: \e[0m"
echo -e "\e[31m ${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock \e[0m"
}
#ResetPwd
main()
{
###1.校验是否为ROOT用户
CheckRoot
###2.优化文件最大打开数
DependFile
###3.拷贝tar.gz包
DecompressionTarGz
###4.添加组合角色
AddMysqlUser
###5.创建mysql 数据目录
createMysqlFolder
###6.创建my.cnf
MakeMyCnf
###7.初始化数据库
InitDataBase
###8.重置密码
ResetPwd
}
main
3.总结
良好的开端是成功的一半,MySQL是轻量级数据,安装部署也需要学问,粗略的安装往往会导致后期的一些各种大小问题。考虑的越周全,走的越远。
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