深入 KVM 虚拟化：如何构建高效、可扩展的虚拟化环境
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·
2024-11-16 17:25
目录
KVM虚拟化
创建虚拟机
报错解决
虚拟化介绍
kvm介绍
KVM部署（基于CentOS7）
KVM管理界面安装
KVM web界面管理
虚拟化介绍
虚拟化：在一台计算机上虚拟出多个逻辑的计算机，而且每个逻辑计算机
它可以是不同操作系统
虚拟化技术：可以扩大硬件容量，单个cpu模拟出多个cpu并行，
允许一个平台上同时运行多个操作系统，应用程序都可以在相互独立
的空间内运行，而且互不影响。
为什么企业使用虚拟化技术
1、节约成本
2、提高效率,物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
Hypervisor：一种运行在物理服务器硬件与操作系统之间的中间软件层
可允许多个操作系统和应用来共享硬件资源
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
完全虚拟化:直接在物理机上部署虚拟化，且不需要修改操作系统内核
半虚拟化:需要修改操作系统内核，使其支持虚拟化驱动来实现虚拟化技术
1、完全虚拟化
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
2、半虚拟化
理论上讲：
完全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
kvm介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
Qemu 是纯软件实现的虚拟化模拟器，几乎可以模拟任何硬件设备，我们最熟悉的就是能够模拟一台能够独立运行操作系统的虚拟机，虚拟机认为自己和硬件打交道，但其实是和 Qemu 模拟出来的硬件打交道，Qemu 将这些指令转译给真正的硬件。
正因为 Qemu 是纯软件实现的，所有的指令都要经 Qemu 过一手，性能非常低，所以，在生产环境中，大多数的做法都是配合 KVM 来完成虚拟化工作，因为 KVM 是硬件辅助的虚拟化技术，主要负责 比较繁琐的 CPU 和内存虚拟化，而 Qemu 则负责 I/O 虚拟化，两者合作各自发挥自身的优势，相得益彰.
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。管理虚拟机和虚拟化功能的软件
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
1、libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
2、API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
3、virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
KVM部署（基于CentOS7）
虚拟机的安装步骤可以查看我之前centos8.5的安装，变化倒是不大修改一下对应参数就可以了
环境说明：
系统：CentOS7
ip :192.168.222.140
CPU虚拟化功能
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启，分为两种情况：
（1）虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
（2）物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化虚拟机设置（内存：8G 磁盘：80G(自定义可以大一点) 虚拟化功能：开启）
//设置虚拟机内存，添加一块80G的硬盘
开启虚拟化
新建分区，将硬盘所有大小都给这个分区
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk //查看一下分区
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 9G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 80G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) //Tab两下查看
align-check help mktable quit select unit
disk_set mklabel name rescue set version
disk_toggle mkpart print rm toggle
(parted) mklabel
新的磁盘标签类型？ //Tab两下查看
aix amiga bsd dvh gpt loop mac msdos pc98 sun
新的磁盘标签类型？ msdos
(parted) //Tab两下查看
align-check help mktable quit select unit
disk_set mklabel name rescue set version
disk_toggle mkpart print rm toggle
(parted) unit
Unit? [compact]? //Tab两下查看
% chs cyl GiB kiB MiB TB
B compact GB kB MB s TiB
Unit? [compact]? MiB
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 81920MiB //创建磁盘的大小
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system 标志
(parted) //Tab两下查看
align-check help mktable quit select unit
disk_set mklabel name rescue set version
disk_toggle mkpart print rm toggle
(parted) mkpart
分区类型？ primary/主分区/extended/扩展分区? primary
文件系统类型？ [ext2]? //Tab两下查看
affs0 amufs apfs2 hfs linux-swap(v0)
affs1 amufs0 asfs hfs+ linux-swap(v1)
affs2 amufs1 btrfs hfsx nilfs2
affs3 amufs2 ext2 hp-ufs ntfs
affs4 amufs3 ext3 jfs reiserfs
affs5 amufs4 ext4 linux-swap sun-ufs
affs6 amufs5 fat16 linux-swap(new) swsusp
affs7 apfs1 fat32 linux-swap(old) xfs
文件系统类型？ [ext2]? xfs
起始点？ 10MiB
结束点？ 81910MiB //比刚刚创建的小10MiB就可以了
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 81920MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system 标志
1 10.0MiB 81910MiB 81900MiB primary
(parted) q
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@localhost ~]# udevadm settle
格式化
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 9G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 80G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 80G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=5241600 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=20966400, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=10237, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="09888ad8-a1ef-42fb-9c36-937e071bf897" TYPE="xfs"
创建挂载点,并进行永久挂载
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /kvmdata
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID="09888ad8-a1ef-42fb-9c36-937e071bf897" /kvmdata xfs defaults 0 0 //添加这一行
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 8.0G 1.2G 6.9G 15% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.7M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 xfs 80G 33M 80G 1% /kvmdata
KVM安装
关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
部署yum源
可以配置阿里云的网络源
阿里云官网
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel-testing.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2523 100 2523 0 0 9299 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 9309
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
安装所需软件包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
验证cpu是否支持kvm，vmx是intel的 svm是AMD的
[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
安装kvm
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm \
> qemu-kvm-tools \
> qemu-img \
> virt-manager \
> libvirt \
> libvirt-python \
> libvirt-client \
> virt-install \
> virt-viewer \
> bridge-utils \
> libguestfs-tools
配置网络，因为虚拟机中的网络，我们一般是都和公司服务器处在同一网段的，所以我们需要把kvm的网卡配置成桥接模式
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ippp ifup-routes network-functions
ifcfg-lo ifdown-isdn ifdown-tunnel ifup-ipv6 ifup-sit network-functions-ipv6
ifdown ifdown-post ifup ifup-isdn ifup-Team
ifdown-bnep ifdown-ppp ifup-aliases ifup-plip ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-eth ifdown-routes ifup-bnep ifup-plusb ifup-tunnel
ifdown-ib ifdown-sit ifup-eth ifup-post ifup-wireless
ifdown-ippp ifdown-Team ifup-ib ifup-ppp init.ipv6-global
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.222.140
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.222.2
DNS1=192.168.222.2
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart NetworkManager
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifdown ens33;ifup ens33
成功断开设备 'ens33'。
连接已成功激活（D-Bus 活动路径：/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3）
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.222.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.222.255
inet6 fe80::1c12:5bff:fea2:ba71 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:5a:f0:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 494 bytes 34964 (34.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 813 bytes 143186 (139.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:5a:f0:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 201496 bytes 194698973 (185.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 108153 bytes 10993998 (10.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
重启libvirtd服务，并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 三 2022-10-05 02:57:06 CST; 10s ago
Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
https://libvirt.org
Main PID: 106910 (libvirtd)
Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768)
CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
├─106910 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
├─107058 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefil...
└─107060 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefil...
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107052]: listening on virbr0(#4): 192.168.122.1
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107058]: started, version 2.76 cachesize 150
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107058]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt D...fy
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq-dhcp[107058]: DHCP, IP range 192.168.122.2 -- 192...h
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq-dhcp[107058]: DHCP, sockets bound exclusively to ...0
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107058]: reading /etc/resolv.conf
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107058]: using nameserver 192.168.222.2#53
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107058]: read /etc/hosts - 2 addresses
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq[107058]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.a...es
10月 05 02:57:07 localhost.example.com dnsmasq-dhcp[107058]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/defau...e
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
查看kvm模块是否加载
[root@localhost ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
验证安装结果
[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
将qemu-kvm这个命令做一个软链接到/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 5 03:01 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
查看网桥信息
[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c295af00d no ens33
virbr0 8000.525400e562ac yes virbr0-nic
KVM管理界面安装
Kvm的web界面是由webvirtmgr程序提供的
安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
.....
已安装:
git.x86_64 0:1.8.3.1-23.el7_8 nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7
python-devel.x86_64 0:2.7.5-92.el7_9 python-websockify.noarch 0:0.6.0-2.el7
python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-14.el7 supervisor.noarch 0:3.4.0-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-9.el7
openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-4.el7 perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17020-2.el7
perl-Git.noarch 0:1.8.3.1-23.el7_8 perl-TermReadKey.x86_64 0:2.30-20.el7
python-meld3.x86_64 0:0.6.10-1.el7 python-rpm-macros.noarch 0:3-34.el7
python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 python-srpm-macros.noarch 0:3-34.el7
python2-rpm-macros.noarch 0:3-34.el7 rsync.x86_64 0:3.1.2-11.el7_9
作为依赖被升级:
python.x86_64 0:2.7.5-92.el7_9 python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.5-92.el7_9
完毕！
可以提前做一个映射，防止访问不了github
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
20.205.243.166 github.com //添加
从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# git clone http://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 689.00 KiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done.
安装webvirtmgr
[root@localhost src]# ls
webvirtmgr
[root@localhost src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1MB 42kB/s
Collecting gunicorn==19.5.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/4e/f4076a1a57fc1e75edc0828db365cfa9005f9f6b4a51b489ae39a91eb4be/gunicorn-19.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (113kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 104kB/s
Collecting lockfile>=0.9 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/22/9460e311f340cb62d26a38c419b1381b8593b0bb6b5d1f056938b086d362/lockfile-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: django, gunicorn, lockfile
Running setup.py install for django ... done
Successfully installed django-1.5.5 gunicorn-19.5.0 lockfile-0.12.2
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 22.2.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@localhost ~]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 28 2022, 15:30:04)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
初始化账号信息
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr/
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //是否创建超级管理员账号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): //指定超级管理员账号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: lnh136@78.com //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password: //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again): //再次输入确认超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
拷贝web网页到指定目录
root@localhost webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr/ /var/www/
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
生成一对公钥与私钥，由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台主机中，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器上的时候，那么就需要把公钥发送到kvm主机中
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): //直接回车
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): /直接回车
Enter same passphrase again: /直接回车
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:GM4Wtczgi6KVA8VnhunqFApm06RP221yf9hwbhE63Ig root@localhost.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| ..o . . |
| .+.+. = . |
|..++ + + |
|.B.+ + = . |
|=.X + B S + . |
|o+ = + E * + |
|+ + . B . |
| . o = |
| o |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.222.140
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.222.140 (192.168.222.140)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:FkmNy5vPRVhOZGwZpvDsgPmo4WjilEinC9gpRbRiZQQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:cc:00:bc:17:10:5d:1c:ed:ac:19:bf:7b:66:a3:62.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.222.140's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.222.140'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
配置端口转发
可以使用ss -antl查看端口情况
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ssh 192.168.222.140 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Wed Oct 5 17:08:52 2022 from 192.168.222.1
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
配置nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.bak
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
//在server参数中进行修改
删除listen [::]:80;行
参数server_name行改成server_name localhost;
删除root /usr/share/nginx/html;行
在include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;行下添加
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
配置nginx虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
确保bind绑定本机的8000端口
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '127.0.0.1:8000' //默认
backlog = 2048 //默认
[root@localhost ~]# grep bind /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
# bind - The socket to bind.
bind = '127.0.0.1:8000'
//确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
重启nginx服务设置开机自启，查看端口是否开启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
设置supervisor
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
//在文件最后添加如下信息
#这里command是一行
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
配置nginx用户
[root@localhost ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:U+al0qUqjCY2+jySrqJYJ/+mc9fkaVtgPovqsa9+qCE nginx@localhost.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| |
| |
| o o |
| = = |
| S B |
| o *.. |
| .E = +..+o.. |
|==.O..++o.=+ |
|X+o.+XB*o.o. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.222.140
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.222.140' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.222.140's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.222.140'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ ssh root@192.168.222.140
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.222.140' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Wed Oct 5 17:34:44 2022 from 192.168.222.140
[root@localhost ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.222.140 closed.
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@localhost ~]#
root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
bvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
KVM web界面管理
修改nginx配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行
对系统参数进行设置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
//在文件最末尾写入
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
重启服务，重读文件
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
安装novnc，并通过novnc_server启动一个vnc
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install novnc
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
//在最末尾加入如下行
nohup novnc_server 192.168.222.140:5920 &
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到"nohup.out"
这里会一直停在这里
使用浏览器访问
登录用户是之前设置的默认root，密码也是之前设置的
添加连接
创建虚拟机
1、新建存储
2、上传镜像，使用FinalShell,xftp或者xshell，再或者其他工具，将镜像文件上传到服务器的/kvmdata目录下存放
再开一个终端:
[root@localhost ~]# cd /kvmdata/
[root@localhost kvmdata]# ls
CentOS-7.4-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso
刷新一下网页界面
添加网络
实例管理，现在去创建一个虚拟机
报错解决
报错:
fatal: unable to access 'http://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git/': Failed connect to github.com:443; Connection refused
fatal: unable to access 'http://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git/': TCP connection reset by peer
解决:
[root@localhost src]# git config --global -l
fatal: unable to read config file '/root/.gitconfig': ?????????
[root@localhost src]# env|grep -i proxy链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/tushanbu/p/16756402.html
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