Spring Boot + WebMagic 实现网页爬虫，写得太好了！
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2021-09-13 17:54
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来源：www.jianshu.com/p/cfead4b3e34e
WebMagic是一个开源的java爬虫框架。
WebMagic框架的使用并不是本文的重点，具体如何使用请参考官方文档：http://webmagic.io/docs/。
本文是对spring boot+WebMagic+MyBatis做了整合，使用WebMagic爬取数据，然后通过MyBatis持久化爬取的数据到mysql数据库。
本文提供的源代码可以作为java爬虫项目的脚手架。
1.添加maven依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>hyzx</groupId>
<artifactId>qbasic-crawler</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.21.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.test.skip>true</maven.test.skip>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.8.1</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
<maven.resources.plugin.version>3.1.0</maven.resources.plugin.version>
<mysql.connector.version>5.1.47</mysql.connector.version>
<druid.spring.boot.starter.version>1.1.17</druid.spring.boot.starter.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version>1.3.4</mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version>
<fastjson.version>1.2.58</fastjson.version>
<commons.lang3.version>3.9</commons.lang3.version>
<joda.time.version>2.10.2</joda.time.version>
<webmagic.core.version>0.7.3</webmagic.core.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.connector.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>${fastjson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons.lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>${joda.time.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>us.codecraft</groupId>
<artifactId>webmagic-core</artifactId>
<version>${webmagic.core.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.resources.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>public</id>
<name>aliyun nexus</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>public</id>
<name>aliyun nexus</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
</project>2.项目配置文件 application.properties
配置mysql数据源，druid数据库连接池以及MyBatis的mapper文件的位置。Spring Boot 基础就不介绍了，最全教程和示例源码推荐看这里：https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice
# mysql数据源配置
spring.datasource.name=mysql
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.63:3306/gjhzjl?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
# druid数据库连接池配置
spring.datasource.druid.initial-size=5
spring.datasource.druid.min-idle=5
spring.datasource.druid.max-active=10
spring.datasource.druid.max-wait=60000
spring.datasource.druid.validation-query=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.druid.test-on-borrow=false
spring.datasource.druid.test-on-return=false
spring.datasource.druid.test-while-idle=true
spring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis=60000
spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis=300000
spring.datasource.druid.max-evictable-idle-time-millis=600000
# mybatis配置
mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:mapper/**/*.xml
3.数据库表结构
CREATE TABLE `cms_content` (
`contentId` varchar(40) NOT NULL COMMENT '内容ID',
`title` varchar(150) NOT NULL COMMENT '标题',
`content` longtext COMMENT '文章内容',
`releaseDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '发布日期',
PRIMARY KEY (`contentId`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='CMS内容表';
4.实体类
import java.util.Date;
public class CmsContentPO {
private String contentId;
private String title;
private String content;
private Date releaseDate;
public String getContentId() {
return contentId;
}
public void setContentId(String contentId) {
this.contentId = contentId;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public Date getReleaseDate() {
return releaseDate;
}
public void setReleaseDate(Date releaseDate) {
this.releaseDate = releaseDate;
}
}
5.mapper接口
public interface CrawlerMapper {
int addCmsContent(CmsContentPO record);
}
6.CrawlerMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.hyzx.qbasic.dao.CrawlerMapper">
<insert id="addCmsContent" parameterType="com.hyzx.qbasic.model.CmsContentPO">
insert into cms_content (contentId,
title,
releaseDate,
content)
values (#{contentId,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{title,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{releaseDate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
#{content,jdbcType=LONGVARCHAR})
</insert>
</mapper>
7.XXX页面内容处理类XXXPageProcessor
主要用于解析爬取到的XXX html页面。
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@Component
public class XXXPageProcessor implements PageProcessor {
private Site site = Site.me().setRetryTimes(3).setSleepTime(1000);
@Override
public void process(Page page) {
page.addTargetRequests(page.getHtml().links().regex("https://www\\.xxx\\.com/question/\\d+/answer/\\d+.*").all());
page.putField("title", page.getHtml().xpath("//h1[@class='QuestionHeader-title']/text()").toString());
page.putField("answer", page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='QuestionAnswer-content']/tidyText()").toString());
if (page.getResultItems().get("title") == null) {
// 如果是列表页，跳过此页，pipeline不进行后续处理
page.setSkip(true);
}
}
@Override
public Site getSite() {
return site;
}
}
8.XXX数据处理类XXXPipeline
主要用于将XXX html页面解析出的数据存储到mysql数据库。另外，MySQL 系列面试题和答案全部整理好了，微信搜索Java技术栈，在后台发送：面试，可以在线阅读。
@Component
public class XXXPipeline implements Pipeline {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XXXPipeline.class);
@Autowired
private CrawlerMapper crawlerMapper;
public void process(ResultItems resultItems, Task task) {
String title = resultItems.get("title");
String answer = resultItems.get("answer");
CmsContentPO contentPO = new CmsContentPO();
contentPO.setContentId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
contentPO.setTitle(title);
contentPO.setReleaseDate(new Date());
contentPO.setContent(answer);
try {
boolean success = crawlerMapper.addCmsContent(contentPO) > 0;
LOGGER.info("保存文章成功：{}", title);
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOGGER.error("保存文章失败", ex);
}
}
}
9.爬虫任务类XXXTask
@Component
public class XXXTask {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XXXPipeline.class);
@Autowired
private XXXPipeline XXXPipeline;
@Autowired
private XXXPageProcessor xxxPageProcessor;
private ScheduledExecutorService timer = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
public void crawl() {
// 定时任务，每10分钟爬取一次
timer.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> {
Thread.currentThread().setName("xxxCrawlerThread");
try {
Spider.create(xxxPageProcessor)
// 从https://www.xxx.com/explore开始抓
.addUrl("https://www.xxx.com/explore")
// 抓取到的数据存数据库
.addPipeline(xxxPipeline)
// 开启2个线程抓取
.thread(2)
// 异步启动爬虫
.start();
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOGGER.error("定时抓取数据线程执行异常", ex);
}
}, 0, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}
}
10.Spring boot程序启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.hyzx.qbasic.dao")
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {
@Autowired
private XXXTask xxxTask;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
// 爬取数据
xxxTask.crawl();
}
}
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