公司新来了一个同事，把权限系统设计的炉火纯青！
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2022-10-14 21:22
思维导图如下
RBAC权限分析
RBAC 全称为基于角色的权限控制，本段将会从什么是RBAC，模型分类，什么是权限，用户组的使用，实例分析等几个方面阐述RBAC
思维导图
绘制思维导图如下
什么是RBAC
RBAC 全称为用户角色权限控制，通过角色关联用户，角色关联权限，这种方式，间阶的赋予用户的权限，如下图所示
对于通常的系统而言，存在多个用户具有相同的权限，在分配的时候，要为指定的用户分配相关的权限，修改的时候也要依次的对这几个用户的权限进行修改，有了角色这个权限，在修改权限的时候，只需要对角色进行修改，就可以实现相关的权限的修改。这样做增加了效率，减少了权限漏洞的发生。
模型分类
对于RBAC模型来说，分为以下几个模型 分别是RBAC0，RBAC1，RBAC2，RBAC3，这四个模型，这段将会依次介绍这四个模型，其中最常用的模型有RBAC0.
RBAC0
用户和角色是多对一的关系，即一个用户只充当一种角色，一个角色可以有多个角色的担当。用户和角色是多对多的关系，即，一个用户可以同时充当多个角色，一个角色可以有多个用户。
此系统功能单一，人员较少，这里举个栗子，张三既是行政，也负责财务，此时张三就有俩个权限，分别是行政权限，和财务权限两个部分。
RBAC1
RBAC2 模型
角色互斥
即，同一个用户不能拥有两个互斥的角色，举个例子，在财务系统中，一个用户不能拥有会计员和审计这两种角色。
基数约束
即，用一个角色，所拥有的成员是固定的，例如对于CEO这种角色，同一个角色，也只能有一个用户。
先决条件
即，对于该角色来说，如果想要获得更高的角色，需要先获取低一级别的角色。举个栗子，对于副总经理和经理这两个权限来说，需要先有副总经理权限，才能拥有经理权限，其中副总经理权限是经理权限的先决条件。
运行时互斥
即，一个用户可以拥有两个角色，但是这俩个角色不能同时使用，需要切换角色才能进入另外一个角色。举个栗子，对于总经理和专员这两个角色，系统只能在一段时间，拥有其一个角色，不能同时对这两种角色进行操作。
RBAC3模型
什么是权限
用户组的使用
优点：减少工作量，便于理解，增加多级管理，等。
SpringSecurity 简单使用
首先添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
然后添加相关的访问接口
package com.example.demo.web;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class Test {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test(){
return "test";
}
}
最后启动项目，在日志中查看相关的密码
用户名：user
密码 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c
增加用户名和密码
在配置文件中，书写相关的登录和密码
spring:
security:
user:
name: ming
password: 123456
roles: admin
基于内存的认证
需要自定义类继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代码如下
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
@Configuration
public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
}
}
即，配置的用户名为admin，密码为123，角色为admin
HttpSecurity
这里对一些方法进行拦截
package com.ming.demo.interceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//基于内存的用户存储
@Override
public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
.withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
}
//请求拦截
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest().permitAll()
.and()
.formLogin()
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll();
}
}
SpringSecurity 集成JWT
这是一个小demo，目的，登录以后返回jwt生成的token
导入依赖
添加web依赖
导入JWT和Security依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-security -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
创建一个JwtUser实现UserDetails
创建 一个相关的JavaBean
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.util.Collection;
public class JwtUser implements UserDetails {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer state;
private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
public JwtUser(){
}
public JwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.state = state;
this.authorities = authorities;
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
}
@Override
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}
}
编写工具类生成令牌
编写工具类，用来生成token，以及刷新token，以及验证token
package com.example.demo;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
private String secret;
private Long expiration;
private String header;
private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
}
private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims;
try {
claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
} catch (Exception e) {
claims = null;
}
return claims;
}
public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
claims.put("created", new Date());
return generateToken(claims);
}
public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
String username;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
username = claims.getSubject();
} catch (Exception e) {
username = null;
}
return username;
}
public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
return expiration.before(new Date());
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
public String refreshToken(String token) {
String refreshedToken;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
claims.put("created", new Date());
refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);
} catch (Exception e) {
refreshedToken = null;
}
return refreshedToken;
}
public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
}
}
编写拦截器
编写Filter 用来检测JWT
package com.example.demo;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {
String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
}
编写userDetailsService的实现类
在上方代码中，编写userDetailsService，类，实现其验证过程
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.management.relation.Role;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class JwtUserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
if (user == null) {
throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'.这个用户不存在", s));
}
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
return new JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);
}
}
编写登录
编写登录业务的实现类 其login方法会返回一个JWTUtils 的token
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
public User findByUsername(String username) {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
return user;
}
public RetResult login(String username, String password) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
return new RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));
}
}
最后配置Config
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
@Autowired
public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)
@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and().authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and().headers().cacheControl();
http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();
registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();
}
@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);
}
}
运行，返回token
运行，返回结果为token
SpringSecurity JSON登录
这里配置SpringSecurity之JSON登录
这里需要重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter类，以及配置SpringSecurity
重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter
public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
//attempt Authentication when Content-Type is json
if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){
//use jackson to deserialize json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){
AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean.class);
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
"", "");
}finally {
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
}
//transmit it to UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
else {
return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
}
配置SecurityConfig
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.cors().and()
.antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
//这里必须要写formLogin()，不然原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter不会出现，也就无法配置我们重新的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
.and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
.and().csrf().disable();
//用重写的Filter替换掉原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
//注册自定义的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");
//这句很关键，重用WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置的AuthenticationManager，不然要自己组装AuthenticationManager
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
return filter;
}
这样就完成使用json登录SpringSecurity。
Spring Security 密码加密方式
需要在Config 类中配置如下内容
/**
* 密码加密
*/
@Bean
public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
即，使用此方法，对密码进行加密， 在业务层的时候，使用此加密的方法
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Resource
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Resource
private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder; //注入bcryct加密
@Override
public User add(User user) {
user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); //对密码进行加密
User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
return user2;
}
@Override
public ResultInfo login(User user) {
ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
if (user2==null) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("用户名不存在");
return resultInfo;
}
//判断密码是否正确
if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("密码不正确");
return resultInfo;
}
resultInfo.setMessage("登录成功");
return resultInfo;
}
}
使用数据库认证
这里使用数据库认证SpringSecurity
设计数据表
这里设计数据表
着重配置SpringConfig
@Configurable
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserService userService; // service 层注入
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
// 参数传入Service，进行验证
auth.userDetailsService(userService);
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}
}
这里着重配置SpringConfig
小结
着重讲解了RBAC的权限配置，以及简单的使用SpringSecurity，以及使用SpringSecurity + JWT 完成前后端的分离，以及配置json登录，和密码加密方式。
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