为 CefSharp 应用内置 C++ 运行环境并启用 AnyCPU 支持
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·
2021-06-12 17:26
一个 CefSharp 应用程序要想正确运行,有两个必要条件:
.NET Framework 4.5.2
VC++ 2015
在部署 CefSharp 应用时经常会遇到因为没有 VC++ 2015 而无法运行的问题:
![28c26d108e16d68923715972a7ed12d1.webp](https://filescdn.proginn.com/643fe5e403e21f52c8554e477189209c/28c26d108e16d68923715972a7ed12d1.webp)
通过事件查看器,可以观察到一个类型为:System.IO.FileNotFoundException 的异常。
检测 VC++ 2015 运行环境是否安装。
我们可以使用以下 C# 代码来检测本机上是否已经部署了 VC++ 2015 运行环境:
publicstaticboolIsVc2015Installed(){
var dependenciesPath =@"SOFTWARE\Classes\Installer\Dependencies";
var plat =Environment.Is64BitProcess?"x64":"x86";
using(var dependencies =Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(dependenciesPath))
{
if(dependencies ==null)
{
returnfalse;
}
foreach(var subKeyName in dependencies.GetSubKeyNames().Where(n =>
!n.ToLower().Contains("dotnet")&&!n.ToLower().Contains("microsoft")))
{
using(var subDir =Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(dependenciesPath +"\\"+ subKeyName))
{
if(subDir ==null)
{
continue;
}
var value = subDir.GetValue("DisplayName")?.ToString()??null;
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
{
continue;
}
if(Regex.IsMatch(value, $@"C\+\+ 2015.*\({plat}\)"))//here u can specify your version.
{
returntrue;
}
}
}
}
returnfalse;}
内置 VC++ 2015 运行时文件
VC++ 2015 运行环境是可以通过 XCopy 部署的。即:如果我们的程序需要 VC++ 2015 运行环境,仅需将 VC++ 2015 的全部文件复制到应用程序目录即可。事实上,有很多商业软件也是这么做的,比如:Navicat 。应用程序目录下一系列 “api-ms-win” 开头的 DLL 文件就是运行时文件。
当我们的 CefSharp 的目标平台仅为 x86 或 x64 ,内置 VC++ 2015 运行时仅需将对应的文件复制到输出目录即可。
如果要启用 AnyCPU 支持,我们仍需为主程序装载 VC++ 2015 运行时。
启用 AnyCPU 支持
以上一篇 让 CefSharp.WinForms 应用程序同时支持32位(x86)和64位(x64)的解决方案 的代码为模板,在 Program 文件中增加 _dllLoaded
变量来保存 VC++ 2015 环境是否已经具备。在 Program 类型的静态构造函数中调用 IsVc2015Installed
函数来确认是否已经安装了 VC++ 2015 环境,并将结果赋值给 _dllLoaded
变量。这代表着,如果本机已经安装过 VC++ 2015 运行环境,则程序内置的环境将不会被加载。
可以使用以下 Windows API 加载非托管类库:
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]privatestaticexternIntPtrLoadLibrary(string lpFileName);
声明静态的只读字符串数组变量 DllList
用于保存 VC++ 2015 的全部文件名:
privatestaticreadonlystring[]DllList={
"api-ms-win-core-console-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-datetime-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-debug-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-errorhandling-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-file-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-file-l1-2-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-file-l2-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-handle-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-heap-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-interlocked-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-libraryloader-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-memory-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-namedpipe-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-processenvironment-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-1.dll","api-ms-win-core-profile-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-string-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-2-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-sysinfo-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-core-timezone-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-core-util-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-conio-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-convert-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-environment-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-filesystem-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-multibyte-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-private-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-process-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-string-l1-1-0.dll",
"api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll","api-ms-win-crt-utility-l1-1-0.dll",
"ucrtbase.dll"};
新增 CheckDll
方法,根据运行环境加载对应的 VC++ 2015 运行时:
privatestaticvoidCheckDll()// 检查浏览器的DLL是否载入{
if(_dllLoaded)
{
return;
}
var dir =Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory,Environment.Is64BitProcess?"x64":"x86");
foreach(var fname inDllList)
{
try
{
var path =Path.Combine(dir, fname);
if(File.Exists(path))
{
LoadLibrary(path);
}
}
catch
{
}
}
_dllLoaded =true;}
注意:CheckDll 需要在 Resolver 方法中被调用。完成以上操作后,CefSharp程序就可以在未安装 VC++ 2015 环境的机器上成功运行了:
![0378252f5b856d60bba81086b0d7ac84.webp](https://filescdn.proginn.com/86c61b5643bd808060f47f8d6545702d/0378252f5b856d60bba81086b0d7ac84.webp)
开源
本文所展示的全部代码和项目工程均在 Gitee 上开源。完整的项目文件和依赖文件可以在以下地址拿到:
https://gitee.com/coderbusy/demo/tree/master/WinForm/CefSharpEmbedCppRunTime