The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective

Why did the industrial revolution take place in eighteenth-century Britain and not elsewhere in Europe or Asia? In this convincing new account Robert Allen argues that the British industrial revolution was a successful response to the global economy of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He shows that in Britain wages were high and capital and energy cheap in comparison t...

Why did the industrial revolution take place in eighteenth-century Britain and not elsewhere in Europe or Asia? In this convincing new account Robert Allen argues that the British industrial revolution was a successful response to the global economy of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He shows that in Britain wages were high and capital and energy cheap in comparison to other countries in Europe and Asia. As a result, the breakthrough technologies of the industrial revolution - the steam engine, the cotton mill, and the substitution of coal for wood in metal production - were uniquely profitable to invent and use in Britain. The high wage economy of pre-industrial Britain also fostered industrial development since more people could afford schooling and apprenticeships. It was only when British engineers made these new technologies more cost-effective during the nineteenth century that the industrial revolution would spread around the world.

罗伯特•艾伦（Robert C. Allen），牛津大学经济史教授，兼纳菲尔德学院（Nuffield College）客座研究员，著有《圈地运动与自耕农：梅德兰南部地区农业发展史（1450—1850）》（Enclosure and the Yeoman: The Agricultural Development of the South Midlands, 1450–1850），《从农场到工厂：苏联工业革命的再阐释》（Farm to Factory: A Re-interpretation of the Soviet Industrial Revolution），两书先后于1992年和2003年出版，均荣获（英国）经济史学会颁发的兰凯奖（Ranki Prize）。