Why Not Socialism?-轻识

Is socialism desirable? Is it even possible? In this concise book, one of the world's leading political philosophers presents with clarity and wit a compelling moral case for socialism and argues that the obstacles in its way are exaggerated. There are times, G. A. Cohen notes, when we all behave like socialists. On a camping trip, for example, campers wouldn't dream of charging each other to use a soccer ball or for fish that they happened to catch. Campers do not give merely to get, but relate to each other in a spirit of equality and community. Would such socialist norms be desirable across society as a whole? Why not? Whole societies may differ from camping trips, but it is still attractive when people treat each other with the equal regard that such trips exhibit. But, however desirable it may be, many claim that socialism is impossible. Cohen writes that the biggest obstacle to socialism isn't, as often argued, intractable human selfishness - it's rather the lack of obvious means to harness the human generosity that is there. Lacking those means, we rely on the market. But there are many ways of confining the sway of the market: there are desirable changes that can move us toward a socialist society in which, to quote Albert Einstein, humanity has 'overcome and advanced beyond the predatory stage of human development'.

G. A. 科恩（Gerald Allan Cohen），英国牛津大学万灵学院（AU Souls College）奇切利社会和政治理论教授（the Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory），世界著名的政治哲学家，分析的马克思主义的开创者和主要代表人物之一。他的代表作有：《卡尔·马克思的历史理论——一种辩护》（牛津大学出版社1978年版）、《历史、劳动和自由》（牛津大学出版社1988年版）、《自我所有、自由和平等》（剑桥大学出版社1995年版）、《如果你是平等主义者，你怎会如此富有》（哈佛大学出版社2000年版）、《拯救正义与平等》（哈佛大学出版社2008年版）。