The Scientist As Rebel-轻识

From Galileo to today’s amateur astronomers, scientists have been rebels, writes Freeman J. Dyson. Like artists and poets, they are free spirits who resist the restrictions their cultures impose on them. In their pursuit of nature’s truths, they are guided as much by imagination as by reason, and their greatest theories have the uniqueness and beauty of great works of art.Dyson argues that the best way to understand science is by understanding those who practice it. He tells stories of scientists at work, ranging from Isaac Newton’s absorption in physics, alchemy, theology, and politics, to Ernest Rutherford’s discovery of the structure of the atom, to Albert Einstein’s stubborn hostility to the idea of black holes. His descriptions of brilliant physicists like Edward Teller and Richard Feynman are enlivened by his own reminiscences of them. He looks with a skeptical eye at fashionable scientific fads and fantasies, and speculates on the future of climate prediction, genetic engineering, the colonization of space, and the possibility that paranormal phenomena may exist yet not be scientifically verifiable.Dyson also looks beyond particular scientific questions to reflect on broader philosophical issues, such as the limits of reductionism, the morality of strategic bombing and nuclear weapons, the preservation of the environment, and the relationship between science and religion. These essays, by a distinguished physicist who is also a prolific writer, offer informed insights into the history of science and fresh perspectives on contentious current debates about science, ethics, and faith.

弗里曼•戴森（Freeman Dyson，1923－），出生于英国。他早年追随著名的数学家G. H. 哈代研究数学，二战后去了美国，师从汉斯•贝特和理查德•费曼等人，开展物理学方面的研究工作。他证明了施温格与朝永振一郎的变分法方法和费曼的路径积分法相互等价，为量子电动力学的建立作出了决定性的贡献，是量子电动力学的第一代巨擘。后来，费曼、施温格和朝永振一郎因为在量子电动力学方面的成就获得了1965年的诺贝尔物理奖，而戴森却因获奖人数的限制而与诺贝尔奖失之交臂。

他发表于1956年的论文《自旋波》堪称物理学史上的重量级论文之一。1960年，他又提出了旨在有效利用外太空能量的“费曼球”理论。因为卓越的学术成就，他先后获得了伦敦皇家学会休斯奖、德国物理学会普朗克奖、奥本海默纪念奖、以色列海法理工学院的哈维奖等多项殊荣。

戴森教授不仅是一位大科学家，更是一位科...

戴森教授不仅是一位大科学家，更是一位科学界的通人。1953年后，他一直在举世闻名的普林斯顿高等研究院担任教授，与爱因斯坦、奥本海默、费米、费曼、杨振宁、李政道和维纳等科学巨匠有密切的交往，对美国科学界近几十年的发展动态和内幕相当了解。他一生优游于数学、粒子物理、固态物理、核子工程、生命科学和天文学等广阔的学科领域，同时又热爱和平，关心人类命运，思索宇宙与人类心智的奥秘，检讨人类道德伦理的困境，还特别以在核武器政策和外星智能方面的工作而闻名。尤为难得的是，他从小就喜爱文学作品，文字根底深厚，并重视普及性读物的撰写，先后出版了《全方位的无限》、《武器与希望》、《宇宙波澜》、《想象的未来》、《太阳、基因组与互联网：科学革命的工具》、《想象中的世界》和《多彩的镜子：生命在宇宙中位置的反思录》等多部广受读者欢迎的著作。