Nixon and Mao-轻识

An American in China: Richard Nixon's historic 1972 visit

It is hard to imagine a more cynical and self-serving quartet than Richard Nixon and Mao Tse-tung and their eager deputies, Henry Kissinger and Chou En-Lai. Yet during the last week of February 1972, these four schemers, each trying mightily to out-finesse the other, succeeded collectively in advancing the cause of inter...

An American in China: Richard Nixon's historic 1972 visit

For all his amply cataloged faults, President Nixon took a significant political risk in bearing an olive branch to the People's Republic of China after having been a part of the apparatus that had vilified that country since the Communists came to power there in 1949. During this period, the official U.S. policy was that the government on the island of Taiwan represented the real China.

But geopolitical circumstances were changing. It had become increasingly clear that the Soviet Union and the People's Republic were not the Communist monolith they once seemed to be. Moreover, Nixon was bogged down in Vietnam and thought that China, which was aiding the North Vietnamese, could ease the pressure and thus contribute to a face-saving end to the war. While the American public may have viewed Nixon's change of attitude toward China as sudden, the truth was that he had been working behind the scenes to reach an accommodation for at least three years before he made his visit to Beijing. In fact, he had signaled this softening as early as the fall of 1970 when, for the first time, he openly referred to the country as "the People's Republic of China" rather than as the still-prevailing "Red" or "Communist" China.

MacMillan, who teaches history at the University of Toronto, has a genius for making complex events and individuals understandable. As she did in her masterful Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, she embeds here a fairly concise central narrative within a carefully charted labyrinth of historical and biographical background, never allowing any one of these essential elements to detract from the other. Moreover, she has brightened the project throughout with telling and often humorous detail—the ubiquitous little girl who manages to show up and present Pat Nixon flowers, no matter where the first lady visits; the president's visible frustration at having to view Chinese landmarks when he'd rather be talking policy; Kissinger's hummingbird determination to be everywhere anything important is happening; Walter Cronkite's electric socks repeatedly shocking him as he treads through the snow along the Great Wall. This is that rarest of diplomatic histories—one that elicits almost as many chuckles as it does wise nods.