荔枝草

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2023-11-09 08:08

Salvia plebeia R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 501. 1810; Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 309. 1833; et in DC. Prodr. 12: 355. 1848; Fl. Hongk. 277. 1861; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 108. 1865; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9:475. 1859; Baker et S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 385. 1879; Franch. et Sav. Enum. Fl. Jap. 1: 372. 1875; Franch. Pl. David. 237. 1884; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 287. 1890; Palib. Consp. Fl. Korea. 2: 28. 1900; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 373. 1907; Matsum. et Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 312. 1906; Matsum. Ind. Pl. Jap. 2: 549. 1912; Nakai, Fl. Korea. 2: 141. 1911; et in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 192. 1921; Diels in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 246, 314. 1912; 396. 1913; Dunn in ibid. 6: 165. 1915; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 99. 1919; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3: 413. 1922; 孙雄才, 科学社生物所论文集7: 38, 241. 1932; Belval in Mus. Heude Notes Bot. Chin. 2: 102. 1933; Stib. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 140. 1934; in Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 929. 1936; Hao in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 68: 635. 1938; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 384. 1939; Pobed. in Fl. URSS 21: 290. 1954; H. Keng in Gard. Bull. Singapore 24: 162, f. 29, d-f. 1969——Ocimum virgatum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 250. 1784; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 43. 1848, non Salvia virgatum Ait. 1789——Ocimum fastigiatum Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 277. 1821 ——Lumnitzera fastigiata Spreng. , Syst. 2: 687. 1825——Salvia brachiata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 4. 1814, nom. nud.; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey et Wall. 1: 146. 1820; ed. Carey 1: 145. 1832; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 43. 1848; Wall. Cat. n. 2149. 1829; Diels in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 558. 1900; Loesn. in ibid. 34: Beibl. 75: 63. 1904; Pavol. in Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital 15: 433. 1908; Matsum. et Kudo in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 299. 1942; Kudo in ibid. 28: 252. 1912; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 174. 1929, non Poiret 1804 #$#bracheata#$# ——Salvia minutiflora Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 124. 1833——Salvia plebeia R. Br. var. latifolia Stib. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 141. 1934.

一年生或二年生草本;主根肥厚,向下直伸,有多数须根。茎直立,高15-90厘米,粗壮,多分枝,被向下的灰白色疏柔毛。叶椭圆状卵圆形或椭圆状披针形,长2-6厘米,宽0.8-2.5厘米,先端钝或急尖,基部圆形或楔形,边缘具圆齿、牙齿或尖锯齿,草质,上面被稀疏的微硬毛,下面被短疏柔毛,余部散布黄褐色腺点;叶柄长4-15毫米,腹凹背凸,密被疏柔毛。轮伞花序6花,多数,在茎、枝顶端密集组成总状或总状圆锥花序,花序长10-25厘米,结果时延长;苞片披针形,长于或短于花萼;先端渐尖,基部渐狭,全缘,两面被疏柔毛,下面较密,边缘具缘毛;花梗长约1毫米,与花序轴密被疏柔毛。花萼钟形,长约2.7毫米,外面被疏柔毛,散布黄褐色腺点,内面喉部有微柔毛,二唇形,唇裂约至花萼长1/3,上唇全缘,先端具3个小尖头,下唇深裂成2齿,齿三角形,锐尖。花冠淡红、淡紫、紫、蓝紫至蓝色,稀白色,长4.5毫米,冠筒外面无毛,内面中部有毛环,冠檐二唇形,上唇长圆形,长约1.8毫米,宽1毫米,先端微凹,外面密被微柔毛,两侧折合,下唇长约1.7毫米,宽3毫米,外面被微柔毛,3裂,中裂片最大,阔倒心形,顶端微凹或呈浅波状,侧裂片近半圆形。能育雄蕊2,着生于下唇基部,略伸出花冠外,花丝长1.5毫米,药隔长约1.5毫米,弯成弧形,上臂和下臂等长,上臂具药室,二下臂不育,膨大,互相联合。花柱和花冠等长,先端不相等2裂,前裂片较长。花盘前方微隆起。小坚果倒卵圆形,直径0.4毫米,成熟时干燥,光滑。花期4-5月,果期6-7月。

除新疆、甘肃、青海及西藏外几产全国各地;生于山坡,路旁,沟边,田野潮湿的土壤上,海拔可至2800米。朝鲜,日本,阿富汗,印度,缅甸,泰国,越南,马来西亚至澳大利亚也有。模式标本采自伊里安岛。

全草入药,民间广泛用于跌打损伤,无名肿毒,流感,咽喉肿痛,小儿惊风,吐血,鼻衄,乳痈,淋巴腺炎,哮喘,腹水肿胀,肾炎水肿,疗疮疖肿,痔疮肿痛,子宫脱出,尿道炎,高血压,一切疼痛及胃癌等症。

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