石松
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2023-11-09 06:29
Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14. 944. 1784 (May-Jul.): B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 52. 1989: L. B. Zhang etH. S. Kung in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38 (3): 269. 2000. ——L. japonicum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 341. 1784 (Aug.): H. S. Kung in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (2): 238. 1980, et Fl. Sichuan. 6: 43, Pl. 10: 1-7. 1988: Fl. Fukien 1: 7. 1982: Ching in Acta Bot. Yun-nan. 4 (3): 219. 1982: Fl. Xizang. 1: 16. 1983: P. S. Wang et X. Y. Wang inGuizhou Sci. 1983 (2): 49. 1983: Dixit, Census Ind. Pterid. 9. 1984, et Lycop. Ind. 78, f. 18A-B. pl. V: f. 19. 1988: C. M. Kuo in Taiwania 30: 12. 1985: Fl. Anhui1: 23, f. 8, 1985: Bir et al. in Ind. Fern J, 6: 33. 1989: S. F. Wu in Shanghai Teach. Coil. Tech. 10 (2): 89. 1990: Fl. Fujian. rev. 1: 7. 1991: Manickam et Irudayaraj, Pterid. W, Ghats-S. Ind. 30. 1992: Fl. Xinjiang. 1: 5. 1992: P. S. Wang, Pterid. Fanjing Mt. 20. 1992: Fl. Jiangxi 1: 19. f. 2. 1993: Fl. Zhejiang 1: 8. f. 1-8. 1993: Fl. Dulongjiang Reg. 2. 1993: Keys Vasc. Pl. Wuling Mts. 6. 1995. ——Stachygy-nandrum japonicum (Thunb. ex Murray) P. Beauv. Prodr. Aeth. 113. 1805. ——L. divaricatum Wall. Cat. n. 13. 1828, nom. nud: Hook. et Grev. in Bot. Misc. 2: 377. 1831. ——L. cavatum L. var. uallichianum Spring, Monogr. Lycop. 1: 90. 1842: Nessel, Baerlappge. 296. 1939: Hand. -Mazz. Symb. 6: 4. 1929. ——L. clavatum L.var. niponicum Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 197. 1925: Ohwi, Fl. Jap. Pterid. 10. 1957: Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 12, Pl. 2: 11. 1959. ——L. simulans Ching etH. S. Kung ex Ching in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(3): 220. 1982: B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 71. 1989: Fl. Jiangxi 1: 19. 1993: Fl. Zhejiang 1: 8. 1993: Keys Vasc. Pl. Wuling Mts. 6. 1995. ——L. interjectum Ching et H. S. Kung exChing, l. c. 221: B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 51. 1989: C.M. Zhang, l. c. ——L. taliense Ching, l. c. : B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 73. 1989. ——L. pseudoclavatum Ching, l. c. 222: B. Ollg. in OperaBot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 64. 1989. ——L. pseudoclavatum Ching var. yunnanense Ching, l. c. 223. ——L. kinabaluense Ching, l. c. 223: B. Ollg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 52. 1989. ——L. centro-chinense Ching, l. c. 224; B. OlIg. in Opera Bot. 92: 171. 1987, et Index Lycop. 37. 1989; Fl. Jiangxi 1: 19, f. 3. 1993. ——L. clavatum auct. non L. : C. B. Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 1: 5921880; Franch. Pl. David. 2: 147. 1888; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 210. 1901; Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 514. 1903, et in Bot. Gaz. 51: 347. 1911: Alderw, Malay. Fern-allies 46. 1915: Alston in Fl. Indo-Chine 7 (2): 553. 1951; S. H. Fu, Ill. Imporant Chinese Pl., Pterid. 4, f. 6. 1957: Mehra et Bir in Res. Bull. Pan-jab Univ. 15 (1-2): 102. 1964; Tagawa in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 2: 198. 1971; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 109. f. 217. 1972; De Vol in H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 1: 35, Pl. 5. 1975; K. Iwats. in Ohashi, Fl. E. Himal. 3: 166. 1975; Y. L. Chang et al, Sporae Pterid. Sin. 38, Pl. 2: 17-20. 1976; Fl. Jiangsu 1: 11, f. 3. 1977; Sen et Sen in Fern Gaz. 11 (6): 426, f. 5: s-z. 1978: Fl. Henan 1: 3, f. 3. 1981; Nakaike, N. Fl. Jap. Pterid. 17, f. 17a-c. 1982; K. Iwats., S. K. Wu et al., in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ.Tokyo III. 14: 12. 1986; K. Iwats., Ferns Fern Allies Jap. 46, Pl. 4: 1-2. 1992; Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mts. 1: 4. 1993: J. L. Tsai et W. C. Shieh in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 1: 31, Pl. 4. 1994.
多年生土生植物。匍匐茎地上生，细长横走，2-3回分叉，绿色，被稀疏的叶；侧枝直立，高达40厘米，多回二叉分枝，稀疏，压扁状 (幼枝圆柱状) ，枝连叶直径5-10毫米。叶螺旋状排列，密集，上斜，披针形或线状披针形，长4-8毫米，宽0.3-0.6毫米，基部楔形，下延，无柄，先端渐尖，具透明发丝，边缘全缘，草质，中脉不明显。孢子囊穗 (3) 4-8个集生于长达30厘米的总柄，总柄上苞片螺旋状稀疏着生，薄草质，形状如叶片；孢子囊穗不等位着生 (即小柄不等长) ，直立，圆柱形，长2-8厘米，直径5-6毫米，具1-5厘米长的长小柄；孢子叶阔卵形，长2.5-3.0毫米，宽约2毫米，先端急尖，具芒状长尖头，边缘膜质，啮蚀状，纸质；孢子囊生于孢子叶腋，略外露，圆肾形，黄色。
产全国除东北、华北以外的其他各省区。生于海拔100-3300米的林下、灌丛下、草坡、路边或岩石上。日本、印度、缅甸、锡金、不丹、尼泊尔、越南、老挝、柬埔寨及南亚诸国有分布。模式标本采自日本。
本种分枝间的角度是一极不稳定的特征，叶形也稍有变化，可以为线形，也可以略宽，这与生境密切相关。因此，L. simulans Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching，L. interjec-tum Ching et H. S. Kung ex Ching，L. taliense Ching，L. pseudoclavatum Ching，L.pseudoclavatum Ching var. yunnanense Ching，L. kinabaluense Ching，L. centro-chinenseChing都应并入本种.
我国及亚洲东部至南部分布的石松L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray并不等于欧洲石松L. clavatum L.，而这样的错误尚见于最近的一些出版物中（如J. L. Tsai＆W.C. Shieh，1994: K. Iwatsuki，1992；T，Nakaike，1982等）。本种叶片全缘，每个孢子枝有孢子囊穗3-8个，不等位着生。