刺儿菜
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2023-11-10 02:01
Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB., Fl. Taur.-cauc. 3: 560, 1819, p. p. excl. Pl. cauc.; DC., Prodr. 6: 643, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4: 10, 1833; Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Manch. 447, 1939 et in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 5(5): 149, 1941; 东北植物检索表, 412, 1959; Charadze in Fl. URSS 28: 210, 1963; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6:198, 1982; 石铸, 植物分类学报 22(6): 452, 1984——Serratula setosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 3(3): 1664, 1803 ——Cnicus setosus Bess., Prim. Fl. Galic. 2: 172, 1809 ——Cirsium laevigatum Tausch. in Flora 11: 483, 1828 (excl. syn. Gme.) ——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. integrifolium Wimm. et Grab., Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92, 1829; Koch., Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. 400, 1837 ——C. segetum Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrag. 2: 110, 1833; DC., Prodr. 6: 643, 1837; Debeaux, Fl. Techef. 86, 1877 et Fl. Shanhai, 38, 1875 et Fl. Tientsin, 25, 1875; Diels in Engl., Bot.,Jahrb. Engler, 29: 628, 1901; Komar., Fl. Mansh. 747, 1907; Nakai, Fl. Koreana 110, 1923; Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 1: 68. 1931; Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 92, 1934; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 142, 1935; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1173, 1936; Kitag., Index Fl. Jehol. 54, 1936 et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 446, 1939;, 东北植物检索表, 412, 1959; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 63, 1966; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 195, 1982——C. setosum (Wild)MB. β. subulatum Ldb.,Fl. Alt. 4:10, 1833——C. argunense DC., Prodr. 6: 644, 1837——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. setosum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 735. 1845-1846; Ling in Contc. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3:143. 1935; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 51, 1966 ——C. arvense (L.) Scop. r. setosum subulatum Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 735, 1845-1846 ——Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. γ. setosus (Ldb.) Maxim. is Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 51, 1874; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 462, 1888 ——Carduus segetum (Bunge) Franch. in Noun. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 57, 1883 (Pl. David. 1: 178, 1884) ——Cephalonoplos setosum (MB.) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3:8, 1934 et in Mern. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13:135, 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4:609, 1975 ——C. segetum (Bunge) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 3:8, 1934 et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 137, 1937; 江苏南部种子植物手册, 797, 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 4:608, 1975 ——Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. setosum f. albiflorum Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 1: 319, 1937 ——C. albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Manch. 447, 1939 ——Cnicus arvensis auct. non O. Hoffm. : Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Sco. 23: 460, 1888 ——Cirsium arvense auct. non (L.) Scop.: Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 92, 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 51, 1966, p. p. ——C. arvense var. incanum auct. mon Ldb.: Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 143, 1935.
多年生草本。茎直立,高30-80(100-120)厘米,基部直径3-5毫米,有时可达1厘米,上部有分枝,花序分枝无毛或有薄绒毛。基生叶和中部茎叶椭圆形、长椭圆形或椭圆状倒披针形,顶端钝或圆形,基部楔形,有时有极短的叶柄,通常无叶柄,长7-15厘米,宽1.5-10厘米,上部茎叶渐小,椭圆形或披针形或线状披针形,或全部茎叶不分裂,叶缘有细密的针刺,针刺紧贴叶缘。或叶缘有刺齿,齿顶针刺大小不等,针刺长达3.5毫米,或大部茎叶羽状浅裂或半裂或边缘粗大圆锯齿,裂片或锯齿斜三角形,顶端钝,齿顶及裂片顶端有较长的针刺,齿缘及裂片边缘的针刺较短且贴伏。全部茎叶两面同色,绿色或下面色淡,两面无毛,极少两面异色,上面绿色,无毛,下面被稀疏或稠密的绒毛而呈现灰色的,亦极少两面同色,灰绿色,两面被薄绒毛。头状花序单生茎端,或植株含少数或多数头状花序在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序。总苞卵形、长卵形或卵圆形,直径1.5-2厘米。总苞片约6层,覆瓦状排列,向内层渐长,外层与中层宽1.5-2毫米,包括顶端针刺长5-8毫米;内层及最内层长椭圆形至线形,长1.1-2厘米,宽1-1.8毫米;中外层苞片顶端有长不足0.5毫米的短针刺,内层及最内层渐尖,膜质,短针刺。小花紫红色或白色,雌花花冠长2.4厘米,檐部长6毫米,细管部细丝状,长18毫米,两性花花冠长1.8厘米,檐部长6毫米,细管部细丝状,长1.2毫米。瘦果淡黄色,椭圆形或偏斜椭圆形,压扁,长3毫米,宽1.5毫米,顶端斜截形。冠毛污白色,多层,整体脱落;冠毛刚毛长羽毛状,长3.5厘米,顶端渐细。花果期5-9月。
除西藏、云南、广东、广西外,几遍全国各地。分布平原、丘陵和山地。生于山坡、河旁或荒地、田间,海拔170-2650米。欧洲东部、中部、苏联东、西西伯利亚及远东、蒙古、朝鲜、日本广有分布。模式标本采自波兰。