多变蹄盖蕨
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2023-11-09 03:18
Athyrium drepanopterum (Kunze) A. Br. ex Milde in Milde, Fil. Europ. Atlant. 49. 1867; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 141. 1906 et Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 97. 1913 et in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 300. 1931; Tard. -Blot et C. Chr. in Fl. Indo-Chine 7 (2): 275. 1940; Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 3: 387. 1960; DeVol et C. M. Kuo in H. L. Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 1: 448. 1975; Y. L. Chang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 213, t. 43, f. 23-24. 1976; Z. R. Wang in W. T. Wang, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 82. 1993; Shieh et al. in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed. 1: 421. 1994. ——Polypodium drepanopterum Kunze in Linnaea 23: 278, 318. 1850. ——Asplenium drepanopterum A. Br., Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1856; Mett., Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 3 (1): n. 244. 1859. ——Aspidium drepanopterum A. Br. ex Mett., Fil. Lips. 93. t. 19, f. 1-4. 1856. ——Aspidium eburneum Wall., Num. List: no. 389. 1828, nom. nud.; Kunze in Linnaea 23: 226. 1850, nom. nud.; Br. ex Mett., Fil. Lips. 93, t. 19, f. 1-4. 1856. ——Lastrea eburnean J. Sm., Enum. Ferns Cult. Kew: 28. 1845. nom. nud. et Bot. Mag. Comp. 34. 1846, nom. nud. et Cat. Kew Ferns: 6. 1857, nom. nud. ; Moore et Houlst. in Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 317. 1851, nom. nud.——Asplenium eburneum J. Sm., Cat. Kew Ferns 47. 1857, nom. nud. ——Asplenium eburneum Mett., Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 3 (1): 1859. ——Athyrium eburneum J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 328. 1875. ——Aspidium drepanopterum A. Br. var. decompositum Christ in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 47. 1909. ——Polypodium oxyphyllum Wall., Num. List no. 324. 1828. nom. nud., non : Kunze 1848. ——Athyrium oxyphyllum Moore, Ind. Fil. XLIX. 1857. nom. nud.; Diels in Engl. u. Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (4): 224. 1899; Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 67. 1865 et Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 170. 1883. ——Asplenium oxyphyllum Hook., Sp. Fil. 3: 221. 1860; Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. 228. 1874. non J. Sm. 1841; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 2. Bot. 1: 493. 1880. ——Athyrium niponicum Hance var. elatius Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52. Mem. 1: 48. 1905. ——Athyrium veitchii Christ in Bull. Soc. Geogr. Bot. Mans 16: 123. 1906; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 15. 1913. ——Athyrium woodsioides Christ in Bull. Soc. Geogr. Bot. Mans 16: 124. 1906; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 16. 1913. ——Athyrium moupinense Christ in Bot. Gaz. 51: 355. 1911; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 15. 1913.——Dryopteris takeoi Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 5: 289, t. 114. 1915. ——Athyrium micans Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 143. 1935; Pic. Ser. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 4: 36. 1965.
根状茎短而斜升,先端密被褐色钻状披针形的鳞片;叶簇生。能育叶长(10-) 25-90厘米;叶柄长(2.5-)10-30厘米,直径1.5-3毫米,基部黑褐色,密被与根状茎上同样的鳞片,向上为禾秆色;叶片长圆状披针形,长 (10-) 17-55厘米,中部宽5-30厘米,渐尖头,一回羽状至二回羽状,小羽片全裂。羽片约16对,互生,有柄(长1-4毫米),基部羽片不缩短,平展,中部羽片长圆状披针形或阔披针形,渐尖头或长渐尖,基部不对称,上侧有耳状凸起与叶轴并行,下侧圆截形,一回羽状或一回羽状,小羽片深羽裂;小羽片6-10对,互生,斜展,紧接或稍有间隔分开,基部上侧1片最大,三角状长圆形,浅羽裂或深羽裂,其余小羽片长圆形或长圆状披针形,长7-15毫米,基部宽3-7毫米,先端尖并有短锯齿,基部与羽轴合生,边缘近全缘或羽状全缘几达羽轴,不对称,上侧耳状凸起与叶轴并行;裂片长圆形,长5-6毫米,宽2-3毫米,尖头,仅顶端有1-2个小齿。叶脉不明显,侧脉羽状,小脉单一。叶干后近草质,褐绿色,上面有光泽,光滑。孢子囊群近圆形或圆肾形,生于上侧小脉,每裂片1-5对;囊群盖小,圆肾形或马蹄形,褐色,膜质,边缘啮蚀状,往往部分脱落。孢子周壁表面有明显的条状褶皱。染色体数目2n=80,n=80。
分布于台湾(台中,八仙山、南投、嘉义,阿里山、屏东,大武山等)、四川西部(峨眉山、宝兴、雷波)、贵州(雷公山)、云南(麻栗坡、屏边、元阳、大理、漾濞、景东、泸水、福贡、贡山、维西)和西藏(察隅)。生山谷林下或阴湿花岗岩石缝中,海拔700-2300米。越南、缅甸、不丹、尼泊尔、印度北部和菲律宾也有分布。
本种二回羽状的形体极似疏叶二回羽叶(变种)A. dissitifolium(Bak.)C. Chr.var. kulhaitense(Atkinson ex Clarke)Ching, 但叶上面有光泽,并有囊群盖,可以区别。