山牛蒡
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2023-11-09 08:28
Synurus deltoides (Ait.) Nakai, Koryo Sikenrin no Ippan 64, 1927; Kitag. in Rep. First. Sc. Exped Manch. 4 (2): 41, 1935, in nota et Lineam. Fl. Manch. 473, 1939;Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 25, 1937; Грубов. Консп. ФЛ. Монг. 279, 1955; 东北植物检索表, 426, 1959; Boriss. in Fl. URSS 28: 302, 1963; S. Y. Hu. Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21(3-4): 174, 1968;中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 648, 1975; H. Ch Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 216, 1982——Onopordum dekoides Ait., Hort. Kew 3: 146, 1789, ed. 2. 4: 486, 1812——Cirsium ficifolium Fisch. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3: 69, 1812——Carduus atriplicifolius Trev., Ind. Sem. Hort. Vratisl., 1820——Silybum atriplicifolium (Trev.) Fisch., Ind. Pl. Hort. Petrop. 64, 1824——Rhaponticum atriplicifolium (Trev.) DC., Prodr. 6: 663, 1837; Turcz., Fl. Baic.-dahur. 2(1): 132, 1856; Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur. 175, 1859; Franch., Fl. David. 1: 183, 1884——Stephanocoma atriplcifolia (Trev.) Turcz. ex Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2: 751, 1845-1846——Serratula atriplicifplia (Trev.) Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 475, 1873; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 468, 1888; Komar. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 758, 1907——S. pungens Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 416, 1879——S. atriplicifolia (Trev.) Benth var. excelsa Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 10: 319, 1896——S. deltaides (Ait.) Makino var. palmatopinnatifida Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 24: 248, 1910——S. deltoides (Ait.) Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag.24: 247, 1910; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 178, 1935——Centaurea atriplicifolia (Trev.) Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2: 667, 1912——Serratula airiplicifolia (Trev.) Benth. var. inciso-lobata (DC.) Miyabe et Miyake, Fl. Saghl. 281, 1915——Synurus atriplicifolius (Trev.) Iljin in Not. Svst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sc. URSS 6: 35, 1926——S. excelsus (Makino) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 2: 48, 1933 et in Mem. Coil. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 22, 1937——S. pungens (Franch. et Sav.) Kitam. Act. Phytotx. et Geobot. 2: 48, 1933 et in Mem. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser B. 13: 24, 1937 et in Journ. Jap. Bot. 20: 56, 1947; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus 21(3-4): 175, 1968——S. palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 2: 48, 1933 et in Mem. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 23, 1937——S. hondae Kitag. in Rep. First Sc. Exped. Manch. 4(2): 40, 1935; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 4: 41, 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21 (3-4): 175 1968 ——S. deltofdes (Ait.) Nakaif. collinus Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 1: 324, 1937; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 21(3-4): 175, 1968——S. pungens (Franch. et Sav) Kitam var. gigantens Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 24, 1937——S. palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam. var. indivisa Kitam. in Mexn. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 24, 1937——S. deltoides (Ait.) Nakai var. inciso-lobatus (DC.) Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 27, 1937; H. Ch. Fu in Fl. Intramong. 6: 216, 1982.
多年生草本,高0.7-1.5米。根状茎粗。茎直立,单生,粗壮,基部直径达2厘米,上部分枝或不分枝,全部茎枝粗壮,有条棱,灰白色,被密厚绒毛或下部脱毛而至无毛。基部叶与下部茎叶有长叶柄,叶柄长达34厘米,有狭翼,叶片心形、卵形、宽卵形、卵状三角形或戟形,不分裂,长10-26厘米,宽12-20厘米,基部心形或戟形.或平截,边缘有三角形或斜三角.形粗大锯齿,但通常半裂或深裂,向上的叶渐小,卵形、椭圆形、披针形或长椭圆状披针形,边缘有锯齿或针刺,有短叶柄至无叶柄。全部叶两面异色,上面绿色,粗糙,有多细胞节毛,下面灰白色,被密厚的绒毛。头状花序大,下垂,生枝头顶端或植株仅含1个头状花序而单生茎顶。总苞球形,直径3-6厘米,被稠密而膨松的蛛丝毛或脱毛而至稀毛。总苞片多层多数,通常13-15层,向内层渐长,有时变紫红色,外层与中层披针形,长0.7-2.3厘米,宽3-4毫米;内层绒状披针形,长2.3-2.5厘米,宽1.5-2毫米。全部苞片上部长渐尖,中外层平展或下弯,内层上部外面有稠密短糙毛。小花全部为两性,管状,花冠紫红色,长2.5厘米,细管部长9毫米,檐部长1.4 厘米,花冠裂片不等大,三角形,长达3毫米。瘦果长椭圆形,浅褐色,长7毫米,宽约2毫米,顶端截形,有果缘,果缘边缘细锯齿,侧生着生面。冠毛褐色,多层,不等长,向内层渐长,长1.5-2厘米,基部连合成环,整体脱落;冠毛刚毛糙毛状。花果期6-10月。
分布黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、内蒙古、河南、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北及四川。生于山坡林缘、林下或草甸,海拔550-2200米。苏联东西伯利亚及远东地区、朝鲜、日本及蒙古有分布。