五彩苏
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2023-11-09 03:48
Coleus scutellarioides (Linn.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 16. 1830; Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 53. 1832; in DC. Prodr. 12: 73. 1848; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 949. 1858 (incl. varr.); van Steenis in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III, 13: 288. 1934; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2: 637. 1965; H. Keng in Gard. Bull. Singapore 24: 51, f. 9 et 9a, b. 1969——Ocymum scutellarioides Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 834. 1762; Burin. f. Fl. Ind. 130. 1768——Coleus blumei Benth. Labiat. Gen et Sp. 56 1832; in DC. Prodr. 12: 75. 1848; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3: 419 1923; Kudo in Mem Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 144. 1929; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志641. 1956——Coleus acuminatus Benth. in Linnaea 6: 81. 1831; in DC. Prodr. 12: 73. 1848; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 950. 1858; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3: 418 1923.
var. scutellarioides
直立或上升草本。茎通常紫色,四稜形,被微柔毛,具分枝。叶膜质,其大小、形状及色泽变异很大,通常卵圆形,长4-12.5厘米,宽2.5-9厘米,先端钝至短渐尖,基部宽楔形至圆形,边缘具圆齿状锯齿或圆齿,色泽多样,有黄、暗红、紫色及绿色,两面被微柔毛,下面常散布红褐色腺点,侧脉4-5对,斜上升,与中脉两面微突出;叶柄伸长,长1-5厘米,扁平,被微柔毛。轮伞花序多花,花时径约1.5厘米,多数密集排列成长5-10(25)厘米、宽3-5(-8)厘米的简单或分枝的圆锥花序;花梗长约2毫米,与序轴被微柔毛;苞片宽卵圆形,长2-3毫米,先端尾尖,被微柔毛及腺点,脱落。花萼钟形,10脉,开花时长2-3毫米,外被短硬毛及腺点,果时花萼增大,长达7毫米,萼檐二唇形,上唇3裂,中裂片宽卵圆形,十分增大,果时外反,侧裂片短小,卵圆形,约为中裂片之半,下唇呈长方形,较长,2裂片高度靠合,先端具2齿,齿披针形。花冠浅紫至紫或蓝色,长8-13毫米,外被微柔毛,冠筒骤然下弯,至喉部增大至2.5毫米,冠檐二唇形,上唇短,直立,4裂,下唇延长,内凹,舟形。雄蕊4,内藏,花丝在中部以下合生成鞘状。花柱超出雄蕊,伸出,先端相等2浅裂。花盘前方膨大。小坚果宽卵圆形或圆形,压扁,褐色,具光泽,长1-1.2毫米。花期7月。
全国各地园圃普遍栽培,作观赏用。自印度经马来西亚,印度尼西亚,菲律宾至波利尼西亚,其他各地亦见栽培。模式标本采自印度。
var. crispipilus (Merr.) H. Keng in Gard. Bull. Singapore 24: 56. 1969——Coleus pumilus Blanco, Fl. Filip. 482. 1837, ed. 2, 336. 1845, ed. 3, 257. 1878; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 78. 1848; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 956. 1858; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3: 420. 1923; Stapf in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 150: t. 9034. 1925; Merr. in Lingnan Agr. Rev. 2: 137. 1925; in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 162. 1927; Merr. & Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 80. 1930——Coleus macranthus Merr. var. crispipilus Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 1: suppl. 234. 1906——Coleus crispipilus Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 5: Bot. 382. 1910——Coleus formosanus Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 320. 1906; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 145. 1929.
这一变种与原变种不同在于花萼上唇中裂片比下唇短。
产台湾,广东,广西,福建;生于溪旁、路旁、旷野、山谷、山地及田野的草丛或林中。菲律宾也有。模式标本采自菲律宾吕宋。