大花荆芥
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2023-11-09 06:41
Nepeta sibirica Linn. Sp. Pl. 572. 1753, excl. syn. Buxb.; P. A. Smirov in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou Sect. Biol. n. ser. 46: 2, 96. 1937; Pojark. in Fl. URSS 20: 342. 1954——Dracocephalum sibiricum Linn. Syst, Nat. ed. 10, 1104. 1759, Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 830. 1762, excl. syn. Buxb.; Buchoz, Hist. Regne Ve9. 6: t. 3. 1775, Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 318. 1789; ed. 2. 3: 420. 1811; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 155. 1801, Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 133. 1807; Sims in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 48: t. 2185. 1820; Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 113. 1831; Geel, Sert. Bot. Cl. 14. 1832; Loud. Ladies Fl, Gard. Ornam. Perenn. 2: 149, t. 90. 1844; Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 79. 1934, Symb. Sin. 7: 919. 1936; Sealy in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 164: t. 9646, 1943; Walker in Contr U. S. Nat. Herb 28: 656. 1941——Moldavica elala Moench, Meth. Pl. 410. 1794——Moldavica sibirica Moench ex Steud. Nom. Bot. 285. 1812——Nepeta macrantha Fisch. Catal. Hort. Gorenk. ed. 2:22. 1822, nom. nud.; Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 482. 1834, et in DC. Prodr. 12: 387. 1848; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. 20: 468. 1875, in Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 9: 447, 449. 1875; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 238. 1884; Lowe in Ber. Deist. Rot. Ges. Berlin 4: 124, t. 6, f. 21-22. 1886; Nichols. Cent. Suppl. Dict. Gard. 547. 1901; Danguy in Bull. Miss. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 554. 1911, 20: 83. 1914; Diels in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 477. 1922, p. p. quoad Limpricht 2889 ex Wu-ling-shun; Rock et Kobuski in Journ. Arn. Arb. 14: 31. 1933 (Rock nos. e Tsinghai); Krylov, Fl. Zapadn. Sibir. 2307. 1937; Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. ed. 2, 2: 2130. 1939; ?Walker in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb 28: 657. 1941——Dracocephalum stewartianum auct. non (Diels) Dunn: Hort. in Journ. Koy. Hort. Soc. London 64: 481, Proc. p. lxix. 1939, Gard, Chron. ser. 3, 106. 1939.
多年生植物;根茎木质,长,匍匐状,具萌枝,顶端有粗糙纤维。茎多数,上升,高约40厘米,常在下部具分枝,四棱形,下部常带紫红色,被微柔毛,混生有小腺点。叶三角状长圆形至三角状披针形,长3.4-9厘米,宽1.2-2.2厘米,先端急尖,基部近截形,常呈浅心形,上面疏被微柔毛,下面密被黄色腺点,沿脉网被短柔毛,边缘通常密具小牙齿,坚纸质,脉在上面稍下陷,下面明显隆起;茎下部叶具较长的柄,柄长达1.5-1.7厘米,中部叶柄变短,长7-3毫米。轮伞花序稀疏排列于茎顶部,所占长度9-15厘米,在下部的具长5-8毫米的总梗,上部的具短梗或近无梗;苞叶叶状,向上变小,具极短的柄,上部的呈苞片状,披针形;苞片长约为萼长1/3-1/4,线形,被短柔毛及睫毛;花梗短,长约1毫米,密被腺点。花萼长9-10毫米,外密被腺短柔毛及黄色腺点,喉部极斜,上唇3裂,裂至本身长度1/2或达2/3,披针状三角形,渐尖,下唇2裂至基部,较长而狭,先端锐尖。花冠蓝色或淡紫色,长2-2.9厘米,外疏被短柔毛,冠筒近直立,狭窄部分伸出于萼长1/2,向上骤然扩展成长宽约6毫米的喉部,冠檐二唇形,上唇2裂至中部以下成椭圆形钝裂片,下唇3裂,中裂片肾形,先端具深弯缺,边缘具大圆齿,侧裂片卵状三角形或卵形。雄蕊4,后对雄蕊稍短于或略超出上唇。花柱等于或略超出上唇。成熟小坚果未见。花期8-9月。
产内蒙古西部,宁夏,甘肃中部及青海;生于山坡上,海拔1750-2650米。苏联,蒙古也有。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。
植株地上部分约含芳香油0.15%,油可用作化妆品香料。此外,由于花大美观,在欧洲早就作为观赏植物引入栽培。