毛蕨
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2023-11-09 03:56
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 714. 1937. nom. tant et in Nakai et Honda, Nova Fl. Jap. No. 4: 179. 1939; Holtt. in Journ. South. Afr. Bot. 40: 152. 1974 et Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1(5): 386. f. lr, 7 a-c. 1981; Kuo in H. L. Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 1: 410. Pl. 139. 1975; Edie, Ferns Hongk. 154. 1978; Johns et Clemesha, Austr. Ferns & Fern All. 123. f. 136. 1980; Jacobsen, Ferns & Fern All. South. Afr. 396. 1983; Tsai et Shieh in Fl. Taiwan 2ed 1: 372. Pl. 148. 1994. ——Pteris interrupta Willd in Phytogr. 1: 13. t. 10. 1794; Holtt. in Amer. Fern Journ. 63: 81. 1973. ——Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats. in Journ. Jap, Bot. 38: 314. 1963. nom. tant.; Fosberg et Sachet, Smithson. Contr. Bot. 8: 8. 1972; Schelpe, Consp. Fl. Angol. Pterid. 157. 1977; Kramer, Pterid. Suriname 128. 1978; F. & F. All., Fl. Guatem. 2: 492. 1981; kuo in Taiwania 30: 27. 1985; Tagawa et K. Iwats., Fl. Thailand 3(3): 400. 1988. A. R. Sm. in Fl. North Amer. 217. 1994.——Cyclosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 128. 1833; Farwell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 259. 1931; H. Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 73. 1937 et in Nakai et Honda, Nova Fl. Jap. no. 4: 167. 1939; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. Ser. 8: 186. 1938; Tard.-Blot in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 7: 72. 1938 et Fl. Madag. 288. 1958; Tard.-Blot et C. Chr., Fl. Indo-chine 7(2) 383. 1941, Holt., Fl. Mal. 2: Ferns Mal. 261. f. 148. 1945; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 (蕨类植物门) 140, 183. 1957; Steward, Manual Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley China 49. 1958; Ching et S. H. Wu in W. Y. Chun et al., Fl. Hainan 1: 125. 1964; Ching in Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae Pterid. Sin. 280. f. 87 e, t. 62. 33-34. 1976.; Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 115. t. 45, f. 249. 1959; Shing in J. F. Cheng et G. F. Chu, Fl. Jiangxi 1: 208. f. 200. 1993.——Asplenium gongylodes Schkuhr, Krypt. Gewas. 1: 193. t. 133 c. 1809; Mett., Farngat. Pheg. u. Asid. n. 241. 1858.——Nephrodium gongylodes Schott, Gen. Fil, t. 10. 1834.——Dryopteris gongylodes O. Ktze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 811. 1891; C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 268. 1906. et Pterid. Madags. 49. 1932; v. A. v. R., Handb. Mal. Ferns 212. 1909; Sim, Ferns South. Mr. 97. 1915; Merr., Enum. Hainan Pl. In Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 1927; Masamune, Fl. Kainant. 15. 1934. ——Thelypteris gongylodes Small, Ferns SE States 248, 475. 1938; Tagawa et K. Iwats. in Southeast Asia St. 3(3): 79. 1965; 5: 68. 1967; K. Iwats., Ferns & Fern All. Jap. 214. Pl. 137. 5-6. 1992.——Dryopteris gongylodes var. hirsuta C. Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr. Ser. 7(10): 193. 1912; Bonaparte, Not. Pterid. pt. 7: 149. 1918.——Cyclosorus gongylodes var. hirsutus (Mett.) Farwell. in Amer. Mild. Nat. 12: 230. 1931; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. ser. 8: 187. 1938. ——Aspidium unitum var. hirsutum Mett, in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 1: 8. 1864.——Nephrodium propinquum R. Br., Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 148. 1810.——Dryopteris gongylode var. propinqua C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 268. 1906; Sim, Ferns South. Afr. 98. 1915; Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 89. 1863. ——Cyclosorus gongylodes var. glaber (Mett.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol Bot. ser. 8: 188. 1938; Tard. -Blot et C. Chr., Fl. Madag. 1: 389. 1958.——Aspidium unitum var. glabrum Mett., l. c. ——Nephrodium unitum var. β Hook. et Bak. l. c. ——Dryopteris gongylodes var. glabra C. Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr. ser. 7(10): 193. 1912.——Cyclosorus gongylodes var. glaber H. Ito in Nakai et Honda, Fl. Nova Jap. no. 4. 168. 1939.——Polypodium unitum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1326. 1759. quoad Burm. Zeyl. tantum. ——Aspidium unitum auct. non (L.) Sieb. 1858: Benth., Fl. Hongk. 456. 1861; Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss Ser. 2, 1: 1018. 1901. ——Nephrodium unitum auct. non (L.) R. Br.: Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 20: 31. 1906; Dunn & Tutch, Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. in Kew Bull. Add. ser. 10: 348. 1912. ——Polypodium secundum Wall. List n. 301. 1828. nom. nud.
植株高达130厘米。根状茎横走,粗约5毫米,黑色,连同叶柄基部偶有一二卵状披针形鳞片。叶近生;叶柄长约70厘米,粗2-3毫米,基部黑褐色,向上渐变为禾秆色,几光滑;叶片长约60厘米,宽20-25厘米,卵状披针形或长圆披针形,先端渐尖,并具羽裂尾头,基部不变狭,二回羽裂;羽片22-25对,顶生羽片长约5厘米,基部宽约1.8厘米,三角状披针形,渐尖头,基部阔楔形,柄长约5毫米,羽裂达2/3,侧生中部羽片几无柄,斜向上,互生(基部的对生),相距约2厘米,近线状披针形,先端渐尖,基部楔形,对称,羽裂达1/3;裂片约30对,斜展,长宽各约3-4毫米,三角形,尖头。叶脉下面明显,每裂片有侧脉8-10对,基部一对斜展,其上侧一脉出自主脉基部,下侧一脉出自羽轴,二者先端交结成一个钝三角形网眼,并自交结点向缺刻下的膜质联线伸出外行小脉;第二对侧脉斜伸到膜质联线,在主脉两侧形成两个斜长方形网眼;第三对侧脉伸达缺刻以上的叶边。叶近革质,干后褐绿色,上面光滑,下面沿各脉疏生柔毛及少数橙红色小腺体,并沿羽轴有一二淡棕色鳞片;鳞片膜质,阔卵形,有缘毛。孢子囊群圆形,生于侧脉中部,每裂片5-9对,下部1-2对不育,因此在羽轴两侧各形成一条不育带;囊群盖小,膜质,淡棕色,上面疏被白色柔毛,宿存,成熟时隐没于囊群中。染色体2n=72,144。
产台湾(台北、台中)、福建(厦门)、海南(琼中、昌江)、广东(广州)、香港、广西(临桂)、江西(庐山南坡)。生山谷溪旁湿处,海拔达200-380米。也广布于全世界热带和亚热带,向北经日本至韩国(济州岛)。模式标本采自印度。
根据Holttum 1971的研究,Cyclosorus interruptus(Willd.)H. Ito=Pteris inter-ruptus Willd(1794)和Cyclosorus gongylodes(Schkuhr)Link=Aspidium gongylodesSchkuhr 1809.二者的羽轴上均具鳞片,同为一种。因此后者为前者的异名。在此以前的一些作者(如Ching 1938,Holttum 1955等)所认为的羽轴上无麟片,叶纸质的C.interruputus实是C. terminans的错误鉴定(见上一种文献)。本种叶下毛被的多少有过渡现象,它和生态环境有一定的关系,在没有探讨清楚之前,暂不分为两个变种。