Netty 中的心跳机制,还有谁不会?
作者:rickiyang
出处:www.cnblogs.com/rickiyang/p/11074231.html我们知道在TCP长连接或者WebSocket长连接中一般我们都会使用心跳机制–即发送特殊的数据包来通告对方自己的业务还没有办完,不要关闭链接。
那么心跳机制可以用来做什么呢? 我们知道网络的传输是不可靠的,当我们发起一个链接请求的过程之中会发生什么事情谁都无法预料,或者断电,服务器重启,断网线之类。
如果有这种情况的发生对方也无法判断你是否还在线。所以这时候我们引入心跳机制,在长链接中双方没有数据交互的时候互相发送数据(可能是空包,也可能是特殊数据),对方收到该数据之后也回复相应的数据用以确保双方都在线,这样就可以确保当前链接是有效的。 1. 如何实现心跳机制
一般实现心跳机制由两种方式:
TCP协议自带的心跳机制来实现; 在应用层来实现。
但是TCP协议自带的心跳机制系统默认是设置的是2小时的心跳频率。它检查不到机器断电、网线拔出、防火墙这些断线。而且逻辑层处理断线可能也不是那么好处理。另外该心跳机制是与TCP协议绑定的,那如果我们要是使用UDP协议岂不是用不了?所以一般我们都不用。
而一般我们自己实现呢大致的策略是这样的:
Client启动一个定时器,不断发送心跳; Server收到心跳后,做出回应; Server启动一个定时器,判断Client是否存在,这里做判断有两种方法:时间差和简单标识。
收到一个心跳包之后记录当前时间; 判断定时器到达时间,计算多久没收到心跳时间=当前时间-上次收到心跳时间。如果改时间大于设定值则认为超时。
收到心跳后设置连接标识为true; 判断定时器到达时间,如果未收到心跳则设置连接标识为false;
今天我们来看一下Netty的心跳机制的实现,在Netty中提供了IdleStateHandler类来进行心跳的处理,它可以对一个 Channel 的 读/写设置定时器, 当 Channel 在一定事件间隔内没有数据交互时(即处于 idle 状态), 就会触发指定的事件。
该类可以对三种类型的超时做心跳机制检测:
public IdleStateHandler(int readerIdleTimeSeconds, int writerIdleTimeSeconds, int allIdleTimeSeconds) {
this((long)readerIdleTimeSeconds, (long)writerIdleTimeSeconds, (long)allIdleTimeSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
下面我们还是通过一个例子来讲解IdleStateHandler的使用。
public class HeartBeatServer {
private int port;
public HeartBeatServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void start(){
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap().group(bossGroup,workGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new HeartBeatServerChannelInitializer());
try {
ChannelFuture future = server.bind(port).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HeartBeatServer server = new HeartBeatServer(7788);
server.start();
}
}
public class HeartBeatServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("handler",new IdleStateHandler(3, 0, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatServerHandler());
}
}
public class HeartBeatServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter{
private int loss_connect_time = 0;
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "Server :" + msg.toString());
}
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
if(evt instanceof IdleStateEvent){
//服务端对应着读事件,当为READER_IDLE时触发
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt;
if(event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE){
loss_connect_time++;
System.out.println("接收消息超时");
if(loss_connect_time > 2){
System.out.println("关闭不活动的链接");
ctx.channel().close();
}
}else{
super.userEventTriggered(ctx,evt);
}
}
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
再来写一下客户端:
public class HeartBeatsClient {
private int port;
private String address;
public HeartBeatsClient(int port, String address) {
this.port = port;
this.address = address;
}
public void start(){
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new HeartBeatsClientChannelInitializer());
try {
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(address,port).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HeartBeatsClient client = new HeartBeatsClient(7788,"127.0.0.1");
client.start();
}
}
public class HeartBeatsClientChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("handler", new IdleStateHandler(0, 3, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatClientHandler());
}
}
public class HeartBeatClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private static final ByteBuf HEARTBEAT_SEQUENCE = Unpooled.unreleasableBuffer(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Heartbeat",
CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
private static final int TRY_TIMES = 3;
private int currentTime = 0;
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("激活时间是:"+new Date());
System.out.println("链接已经激活");
ctx.fireChannelActive();
}
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("停止时间是:"+new Date());
System.out.println("关闭链接");
}
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
System.out.println("当前轮询时间:"+new Date());
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
if(currentTime <= TRY_TIMES){
System.out.println("currentTime:"+currentTime);
currentTime++;
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(HEARTBEAT_SEQUENCE.duplicate());
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
String message = (String) msg;
System.out.println(message);
if (message.equals("Heartbeat")) {
ctx.write("has read message from server");
ctx.flush();
}
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
首先客户端激活channel,因为客户端中并没有发送消息所以会触发客户端的IdleStateHandler,它设置的写超时时间为3s; 然后触发客户端的事件机制进入userEventTriggered方法,在触发器中计数并向客户端发送消息; 服务端接收消息; 客户端触发器继续轮询发送消息,直到计数器满不再向服务端发送消息; 服务端在IdleStateHandler设置的读消息超时时间5s内未收到消息,触发了服务端中handler的userEventTriggered方法,于是关闭客户端的链接。
/**
* 本Client为测试netty重连机制
* Server端代码都一样,所以不做修改
* 只用在client端中做一下判断即可
*/
public class HeartBeatsClient2 {
private int port;
private String address;
ChannelFuture future;
public HeartBeatsClient2(int port, String address) {
this.port = port;
this.address = address;
}
public void start(){
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new HeartBeatsClientChannelInitializer());
try {
future = bootstrap.connect(address,port).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//group.shutdownGracefully();
if (null != future) {
if (future.channel() != null && future.channel().isOpen()) {
future.channel().close();
}
}
System.out.println("准备重连");
start();
System.out.println("重连成功");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HeartBeatsClient2 client = new HeartBeatsClient2(7788,"127.0.0.1");
client.start();
}
}
其余部分的代码与上面的实例并无异同,只需改造客户端即可,我们再运行服务端和客户端会看到客户端虽然被关闭了,但是立马又被重启:
当然生产级别的代码应该不是这样实现的吧,哈哈。
正文结束
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