Spring Boot + Redis 实现接口幂等性,写得太好了!
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2021-08-10 02:32
阅读本文大概需要 7 分钟。
来自:ljianshu.com/p/6189275403ed
订单接口, 不能多次创建订单 支付接口, 重复支付同一笔订单只能扣一次钱 支付宝回调接口, 可能会多次回调, 必须处理重复回调 普通表单提交接口, 因为网络超时等原因多次点击提交, 只能成功一次 等等
二、常见解决方案
唯一索引 -- 防止新增脏数据 token机制 -- 防止页面重复提交 悲观锁 -- 获取数据的时候加锁(锁表或锁行) 乐观锁 -- 基于版本号version实现, 在更新数据那一刻校验数据 分布式锁 -- redis(jedis、redisson)或zookeeper实现 状态机 -- 状态变更, 更新数据时判断状态
三、本文实现
四、实现思路
token
, 先获取token
, 并将此token
存入redis, 请求接口时, 将此token
放到header或者作为请求参数请求接口, 后端接口判断redis中是否存在此token
:如果存在, 正常处理业务逻辑, 并从redis中删除此 token
, 那么, 如果是重复请求, 由于token
已被删除, 则不能通过校验, 返回请勿重复操作
提示如果不存在, 说明参数不合法或者是重复请求, 返回提示即可
五、项目简介
springboot redis @ApiIdempotent
注解 + 拦截器对请求进行拦截@ControllerAdvice全局异常处理 压测工具: jmeter
本文重点介绍幂等性核心实现, 关于springboot如何集成redis 、ServerResponse 、ResponseCode 等细枝末节不在本文讨论范围之内, 有兴趣的小伙伴可以查看我的Github项目: https://github.com/wangzaiplus/springboot/tree/wxw
六、代码实现
<!-- Redis-Jedis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok 本文用到@Slf4j注解, 也可不引用, 自定义log即可-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
JedisUtil
package com.wangzaiplus.test.util;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class JedisUtil {
@Autowired
private JedisPool jedisPool;
private Jedis getJedis() {
return jedisPool.getResource();
}
/**
* 设值
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public String set(String key, String value) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.set(key, value);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("set key:{} value:{} error", key, value, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
/**
* 设值
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @param expireTime 过期时间, 单位: s
* @return
*/
public String set(String key, String value, int expireTime) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.setex(key, expireTime, value);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("set key:{} value:{} expireTime:{} error", key, value, expireTime, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
/**
* 取值
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public String get(String key) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.get(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("get key:{} error", key, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
/**
* 删除key
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Long del(String key) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.del(key.getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("del key:{} error", key, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
/**
* 判断key是否存在
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Boolean exists(String key) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.exists(key.getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exists key:{} error", key, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
/**
* 设值key过期时间
*
* @param key
* @param expireTime 过期时间, 单位: s
* @return
*/
public Long expire(String key, int expireTime) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.expire(key.getBytes(), expireTime);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("expire key:{} error", key, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
/**
* 获取剩余时间
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Long ttl(String key) {
Jedis jedis = null;
try {
jedis = getJedis();
return jedis.ttl(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("ttl key:{} error", key, e);
return null;
} finally {
close(jedis);
}
}
private void close(Jedis jedis) {
if (null != jedis) {
jedis.close();
}
}
}
@ApiIdempotent
package com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
/**
* 在需要保证 接口幂等性 的Controller的方法上使用此注解
*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ApiIdempotent {
}
ApiIdempotentInterceptor
拦截器package com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* 接口幂等性拦截器
*/
public class ApiIdempotentInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Autowired
private TokenService tokenService;
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
if (!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) {
return true;
}
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
ApiIdempotent methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(ApiIdempotent.class);
if (methodAnnotation != null) {
check(request);// 幂等性校验, 校验通过则放行, 校验失败则抛出异常, 并通过统一异常处理返回友好提示
}
return true;
}
private void check(HttpServletRequest request) {
tokenService.checkToken(request);
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
}
}
TokenServiceImpl
package com.wangzaiplus.test.service.impl;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.Constant;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ResponseCode;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.exception.ServiceException;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.JedisUtil;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.RandomUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Service
public class TokenServiceImpl implements TokenService {
private static final String TOKEN_NAME = "token";
@Autowired
private JedisUtil jedisUtil;
@Override
public ServerResponse createToken() {
String str = RandomUtil.UUID32();
StrBuilder token = new StrBuilder();
token.append(Constant.Redis.TOKEN_PREFIX).append(str);
jedisUtil.set(token.toString(), token.toString(), Constant.Redis.EXPIRE_TIME_MINUTE);
return ServerResponse.success(token.toString());
}
@Override
public void checkToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
String token = request.getHeader(TOKEN_NAME);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// header中不存在token
token = request.getParameter(TOKEN_NAME);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// parameter中也不存在token
throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT.getMsg());
}
}
if (!jedisUtil.exists(token)) {
throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg());
}
Long del = jedisUtil.del(token);
if (del <= 0) {
throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg());
}
}
}
TestApplication
package com.wangzaiplus.test;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor.ApiIdempotentInterceptor;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.wangzaiplus.test.mapper")
public class TestApplication extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
}
/**
* 跨域
* @return
*/
@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
final CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration();
corsConfiguration.setAllowCredentials(true);
corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*");
corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*");
corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*");
urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", corsConfiguration);
return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 接口幂等性拦截器
registry.addInterceptor(apiIdempotentInterceptor());
super.addInterceptors(registry);
}
@Bean
public ApiIdempotentInterceptor apiIdempotentInterceptor() {
return new ApiIdempotentInterceptor();
}
}
七、测试验证
token
的控制器TokenController
package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/token")
public class TokenController {
@Autowired
private TokenService tokenService;
@GetMapping
public ServerResponse token() {
return tokenService.createToken();
}
}
TestController
, 注意@ApiIdempotent
注解, 在需要幂等性校验的方法上声明此注解即可, 不需要校验的无影响package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TestService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@Autowired
private TestService testService;
@ApiIdempotent
@PostMapping("testIdempotence")
public ServerResponse testIdempotence() {
return testService.testIdempotence();
}
}
token
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/d61e0411a242888a03ea82ea5f461514/23eed22415108447ea4c5918b9c11bae.webp)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/fe75f040900ea4d9c5a01470c6d76f99/25383238fd005b4ef004e4298a883aef.webp)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/d256f2818611e548d28140bad2bb47e4/c0472fbec62380df934fb87d4b720643.webp)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/199bbcfadae07486a05599c97475e481/88bcd641518c245336b6733e2091b26b.webp)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/747d1d995897e8cb1e954d6fa7188331/52685e2dcf7a8e3640fcc849526d0432.webp)
八、注意点(非常重要)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/8a0cc8460eb6a5287e352823faeb7bf3/e1f5efacc8075d753c5660c7a7648a04.webp)
jedisUtil.del(token)
的删除结果而直接放行, 那么还是会出现重复提交问题, 即使实际上只有一次真正的删除操作, 下面重现一下![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/8af2d7ab84cc92259e54a368177f2157/25967f91687168b971a5887e9ae16443.webp)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/369f1cb8488c1dd5cf57ccad833ed512/f14fc06aa664ca1b97cd96391ecba937.webp)
![](https://filescdn.proginn.com/6363bcfa55cb2f9e51355988c0c6cb60/f6eb6862c7a981c73c8f0a146910cc26.webp)
九、总结
推荐阅读:
阿里官宣:干掉Mybatis和MybatisPlus,推出新一代ORM框架FluentMybatis,太牛逼了!
知乎高赞:从源码层,拆解OracleJDK和OpenJDK有什么区别?网友:不愧是大神的回答~
最近面试BAT,整理一份面试资料《Java面试BATJ通关手册》,覆盖了Java核心技术、JVM、Java并发、SSM、微服务、数据库、数据结构等等。
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