RabbitMq七种工作模式，结合简单的java实例使用，别再说你不会
作者：小小卡尔
来源：blog.csdn.net/weixin_44185736/article/details/106574637
一、Maven依赖添加
com.rabbitmq
amqp-client
3.0.4
二、七种工作模式的java实例
1、简单模式
最简单的一个消费者和一个生产者模式，生产者生成消息，消费者监听消息，若是消费者监听到它所需要的消息，就会消费该消息，这种消息是次性的，被消费了就没有了。
1.1.1、EasyRecv.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
public class EasyRecv {
//队列名称
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello world";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws java.io.IOException,java.lang.InterruptedException {
//打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ所在主机ip或者主机名
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列，主要为了防止消息接收者先运行此程序，队列还不存在时创建队列。
/**
* 队列名
* 是否持久化
* 是否排外 即只允许该channel访问该队列 一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景
* 是否自动删除 消费完删除
* 其他属性
*
*/
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
System.out.println("Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
//创建队列消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//指定消费队列
/**
* 队列名
* 其他属性 路由
* 消息body
*/
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
while (true)
{
//nextDelivery是一个阻塞方法（内部实现其实是阻塞队列的take方法）
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("Received '" + message + "'");
}
}
}
1.1.2、EasySend.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class EasySend {
//队列名称
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello world";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws java.io.IOException
{
/**
* 创建连接连接到MabbitMQ
*/
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置MabbitMQ所在主机ip或者主机名
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
while (true){
//创建一个连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个频道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//指定一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//发送的消息
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String ms = scanner.nextLine();
//String message = "hello world!";
//往队列中发出一条消息
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, ms.getBytes());
System.out.println("Sent '" + ms + "'");
//关闭频道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
以上两个已经可以进行通信了，下面同样是简单的实例，但是我们可以看到在代码层面上，连接的代码都是一样的，所以我们可以创建一个连接的工具类。
1.2.1、RabbitmqConnectionUtil .java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RabbitmqConnectionUtil {
public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException {
//连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
//连接5672端口 注意15672为工具界面端口 25672为集群端口
factory.setPort(5672);
//factory.setVirtualHost("/xxxxx");
// factory.setUsername("xxxxxx");
// factory.setPassword("123456");
//获取连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
return connection;
}
}
1.2.2、UtilSend.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UtilSend {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "UtilConn";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//消息内容
String message = "这里是lbw广场";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x]Sent '"+message + "'");
//最后关闭通关和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
1.2.3、UtilRecv.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UtilRecv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "UtilConn";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = null;
connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,queueingConsumer);
while(true){
//该方法会阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received '"+message+"'");
}
}
}
2、工作队列
工作队列也就是简单模式的强化版，一个队列是可以多个生产者，也可以有多个消费者来竞争消费消息，但是我们仍需保证队列的幂等性，队列存在就不能再创建同名队列。
下面的每个进程都控制其主线程休眠，让我们可以更好的看到结果。
2.1.1、Sender1.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Sender1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
String message = "lbw" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i*10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2.1.2、Sender2.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Sender2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
String message = "nb" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i*10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2.1.3、Receiver1.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by san
*/
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);
//同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//关于手工确认 待之后有时间研究下
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message+"'");
Thread.sleep(10);
//返回确认状态
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
2.1.4、Receiver2.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by san
*/
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);
//同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message+"'");
Thread.sleep(1000);
//返回确认状态
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
2.1.5、结果
上面的四个程序都运行起来，结果可以看到如下，依据结果分析，可知，同一个消息队列，是可以有多个生产者和消费者的。
3、发布/订阅（fanout）
3.1.1、Sender.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{ //获取连接
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//从连接中获取一个通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机（分发:发布/订阅模式）
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
//发送消息
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
String message = "卢本伟广场" + i;
System.out.println("[send]：" + message);
//发送消息
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("utf-8"));
Thread.sleep(5 * i);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.1.2、Receiver1.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Receiver1 {
//交换机名称
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";
//队列名称
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_email";
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
//获取连接
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//从连接中获取一个通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机（分发:发布/订阅模式）
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
//保证一次只分发一个
int prefetchCount = 1;
channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);
//定义消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel)
{
//当消息到达时执行回调方法
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException
{
String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[email] Receive message：" + message);
try
{
//消费者休息2s处理业务
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
System.out.println("[1] done");
//手动应答
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//设置手动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.1.3、Receiver2.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Receiver2 {
//交换机名称
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";
//队列名称
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_phone";
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
//获取连接
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//从连接中获取一个通道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机（分发:发布/订阅模式）
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
//保证一次只分发一个
int prefetchCount = 1;
channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);
//定义消费者
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel)
{
//当消息到达时执行回调方法
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException
{
String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[phone] Receive message：" + message);
try
{
//消费者休息1s处理业务
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
System.out.println("[2] done");
//手动应答
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//设置手动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3.1.4、结果
从程序运行结果和RabbitMq的后台看出，这样的消息属于广播型，两个不同名的队列的都能收到该消息，只需它们都将自己绑定到同一个交换机,而且，该消息是持久的，只要交换机还在，消费者啥时候上线都能消费它所绑定的交换机，而且只会一个消费者只会消费一次。
4、路由（direct）
1、在前面的示例中，我们已经在创建绑定。您可能会想起类似的代码：
channel.queueBind（queueName，EXCHANGE_NAME，“”）;
绑定是交换和队列之间的关系。可以简单地理解为：队列对来自此交换的消息感兴趣。
2、绑定可以采用额外的routingKey参数。为了避免与basic_publish参数混淆，我们将其称为 绑定键。这是我们可以创建带有键的绑定的方法：
channel.queueBind（queueName，EXCHANGE_NAME，“ black”）;
直接绑定(密钥直接绑定到单个队列) 
多重绑定（相同的绑定密钥绑定多个队列） 
不同密钥绑定不同的队列，可以发挥出不同日志级别发送到不同的队列的效果。 
4.1.1、Sender
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,EXCHANGE_TYPE);
String message = "那一定是蓝色";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
4.1.2、Receiver1.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by san
*/
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received1 "+message);
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
4.1.3、Receiver2.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by san
*/
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received2 "+message);
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
4.1.4、结果-总结
有一点要注意是：在direct下，必须是Exchange（交换机）已经存在，消费端的队列才能绑定到Exchange，否则会报错。也就说上面的程序第一次运行时，需先启Sender，才能成功启动Reciver。
5、话题（topic）
话题也是一个持久的消息，只要交换机还在，每个上线的消费者都可以消费一次自己感兴趣的topic。
*（星号）可以代替一个单词。 ＃（哈希）可以替代零个或多个单词。 
5.1.1、Sender.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE); //消息内容
String message = "这里是卢本伟广场";
//第二个参数是topic匹配值
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"lbw.nb",null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");
//关通道 关连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
5.1.2、Receiver1.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);
//第二参数就是去匹配我兴趣的topic
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "lbw.nb.*");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
5.1.3、Receiver2.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import top.san.RabbitMq.util.RabbitmqConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = RabbitmqConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);
//第二参数就是去匹配我兴趣的topic
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "lbw.#");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
5.1.4、结果-分析
话题的特色就是队列可以获取自己感兴趣的话题消息，可以通过通配符*或#来表示匹配所有的感兴趣的字符串。
6、RPC（远程过程调用）
给张图自己体会吧（官网没给示例代码，我也就不写了），就是通过两个交换机实现一个可回调的过程吧。
三、RabbitMq的交换机
RabbitMq是有一个交换机的概念的， 消息(Message)由Client发送，RabbitMQ接收到消息之后通过交换机转发到对应的队列上面。Worker会从队列中获取未被读取的数据处理。这样就可以实现消息的发送者无需知道消息使用者的存在，反之亦然。Direct exchange：直连（路由）交换机，转发消息到routigKey指定的队列
Fanout exchange：扇形交换机，转发消息到所有绑定队列（相当于广播）
Topic exchange：主题交换机，按规则转发消息（很灵活）
Headers exchange：首部交换机
前面的简单类型我们都是忽略了交换机的参数的，如该方法：channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());就是这个方法的第一个参数，置空说明使用了默认的交换机。
有几种交换类型可用：direct，topic，headers 和fanout。
好文章，我在看
好文章，我在看
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