RabbitMQ五种工作模式
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作者 | howard4
来源 | urlify.cn/UB3miu
在SpringBoot环境下做的代码测试，RabbitMQ的包是用SpringBoot的starter-amqp包引入的。
1、简单队列
一个生产者对应一个消费者！！！
1、pom文件
SpringBoot导入rabbitmq 启动包
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-amqp
2、工具类
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈连接RabbitMQ的工具类〉
*
* @create 2020/7/1
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class ConnectionUtil {
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
return getConnection(new Properties());
}
private static Connection getConnection(Properties properties) throws Exception {
return getConnection(properties.getHost(),
properties.getPort(),
properties.getvHost(),
properties.getUserName(),
properties.getPassWord());
}
public static Connection getConnection(String host, int port, String vHost, String userName, String passWord) throws Exception {
//1、定义连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//2、设置服务器地址
factory.setHost(host);
//3、设置端口
factory.setPort(port);
//4、设置虚拟主机、用户名、密码
factory.setVirtualHost(vHost);
factory.setUsername(userName);
factory.setPassword(passWord);
//5、通过连接工厂获取连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
return connection;
}
public static class Properties implements Serializable {
String host = "192.168.1.103";
int port = 5672;
String vHost = "/";
String userName = "guest";
String passWord = "guest";
public Properties() {
}
public Properties(String host, int port, String vHost, String userName, String passWord) {
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
this.vHost = vHost;
this.userName = userName;
this.passWord = passWord;
}
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public Properties setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
return self();
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
public Properties setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
return self();
}
public String getvHost() {
return vHost;
}
public Properties setvHost(String vHost) {
this.vHost = vHost;
return self();
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public Properties setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
return self();
}
public String getPassWord() {
return passWord;
}
public Properties setPassWord(String passWord) {
this.passWord = passWord;
return self();
}
private Properties self(){
return this;
}
}
}
3、生产者 Producer
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈简单队列——消息生产者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/1
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Producer {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_simple_queue.toString();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
sendMessage();
}
public static void sendMessage() throws Exception {
//1、获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//2、声明信道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//3、声明(创建)队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//4、定义消息内容
String message = "hello rabbitmq ";
//5、发布消息
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'");
//6、关闭通道
channel.close();
//7、关闭连接
connection.close();
}
}
4、消费者Consumer
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈消息消费者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/1
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Customer {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_simple_queue.toString();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
getMessage();
}
public static void getMessage() throws Exception {
//1、获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//2、声明通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//3、声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//4、定义队列的消费者
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msgString = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("接收的消息：" + msgString);
}
};
//5、监听队列
/*
true:表示自动确认，只要消息从队列中获取，无论消费者获取到消息后是否成功消费，都会认为消息已经成功消费
false:表示手动确认，消费者获取消息后，服务器会将该消息标记为不可用状态，等待消费者的反馈，
如果消费者一直没有反馈，那么该消息将一直处于不可用状态，并且服务器会认为该消费者已经挂掉，不会再给其
发送消息，直到该消费者反馈。
*/
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
注意这里消费者有自动确认消息和手动确认消息两种模式。
2、work 模式
一个生产者对应多个消费者，但是一条消息只能有一个消费者获得消息！！！
2.1轮询分发
1、生产者
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈轮询分发——生产者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Send {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
String msg = "hello " + i;
System.out.println("[mq] send:" + msg);
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());
Thread.sleep(i * 20);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2、消费者
这里创建两个消费者
消费者1：每接收一条消息后休眠1秒
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive1 {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel、
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//定义一个消费这
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[1] Receive1 msg:" + msg);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("[1] done");
}
}
};
boolean autoAck = false;
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
}
消费者2：每接收一条消息后休眠2秒
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive2 {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//定义一个消费这
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[2] Receive2 msg:" + msg);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("[2] done");
}
}
};
boolean autoAck = false;
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
}
3、测试结果
生产者从0-49依次发送消息
消费者1：接收到偶数
消费者2：接收到奇数
4、结论
轮询分发就是将消息队列中的消息，依次发送给所有消费者。一个消息只能被一个消费者获取。
2.2公平分发
消费者关闭自动应答，开启手动回执
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive2 {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
channel.basicQos(1);//保证一次只分发一个消息
//定义一个消费这
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[2] Receive2 msg:" + msg);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("[2] done");
//手动回执
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
}
};
boolean autoAck = false;//自动应答
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
}
手动回执：消费者完成业务接口方法后可以告知消息队列处理完成，消息队列从队列中取一条消息发送给消费者。
能者多劳：效率高的消费者消费消息多。
3、发布/订阅模式
一个消费者将消息首先发送到交换器，交换器绑定到多个队列，然后被监听该队列的消费者所接收并消费。
ps:X表示交换器，在RabbitMQ中，交换器主要有四种类型:direct、fanout、topic、headers，这里的交换器是 fanout。下面我们会详细介绍这几种交换器。
1、生产者
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈订阅模式——生产者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Send {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_fanout.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");//分发
//发送消息
String msg = "hello exchange";
System.out.println("[mq] send:" + msg);
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes());
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2、消费者
注意：两个消费者绑定不同的队列，绑定相同的交换机；
消费者1：绑定队列名=queue_fanout_email1
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive1 {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_fanout_email.toString() + "1";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_fanout.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//绑定到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
//定义一个消费这
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
/**
* No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}.
*
* @param consumerTag
* @param envelope
* @param properties
* @param body
*/
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[1] Receive1 msg:" + msg);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("[1] done");
}
}
};
boolean autoAck = false;
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
}
消费者2：绑定队列名=queue_fanout_email2
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/3
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive2 {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_fanout_email.toString() + "2";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_fanout.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//绑定到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
//定义一个消费这
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
/**
* No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}.
*
* @param consumerTag
* @param envelope
* @param properties
* @param body
*/
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println("[2] Receive2 msg:" + msg);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("[2] done");
}
}
};
boolean autoAck = false;
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
}
}
3、测试结果
如上图，两个消费者获得了同一条消息。即就是，一个消息从交换机同时发送给了两个队列中，监听这两个队列的消费者消费了这个消息；
如果没有队列绑定交换机，则消息将丢失。因为交换机没有存储能力，消息只能存储在队列中。
4、路由模式
生产者将消息发送到direct交换器，在绑定队列和交换器的时候有一个路由key，生产者发送的消息会指定一个路由key，那么消息只会发送到相应key相同的队列，接着监听该队列的消费者消费消息。
也就是让消费者有选择性的接收消息。
1、生产者
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈路由模式-消息发送者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/8
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Send {
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_routing.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_world.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
String msg = "route message ->" + ROUTING_KEY;
System.out.println("对 " + ROUTING_KEY + " 发送消息：" + msg);
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
//关闭连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2、消费者
注意：两个消费者，绑定相同的交换机，不同的队列，不一样的路由
消费者1：路由=routing_hello
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息1〉
*
* @create 2020/7/8
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive1 {
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_routing_001.toString();
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_routing.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY_hello = MqName.routing_hello.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//设置预读取数
channel.basicQos(1);
//绑定交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_hello);
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
/**
* No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}.
*
* @param consumerTag
* @param envelope
* @param properties
* @param body
*/
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [1] Receive1 msg:" + msg);
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
消费者2：路由1=routing_world 路由2=routing_hello
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息2〉
*
* @create 2020/7/8
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive2 {
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_routing_002.toString();
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_routing.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY_world = MqName.routing_world.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY_hello = MqName.routing_hello.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//设置预读取数
channel.basicQos(1);
//绑定交换机和路由器，可以绑定多个路由
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_world);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_hello);
//定义消息消费者
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
/**
* No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}.
*
* @param consumerTag
* @param envelope
* @param properties
* @param body
*/
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [2] Receive1 msg:" + msg);
}
};
//接收消息
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
3、测试结果
生产者发送：routing_world
消费者1：没有接收到
消费者2：接收到了
生产者发送：routing_hello
消费者1：接收到了
消费者2：接收到了
路由模式，是以路由规则为导向，引导消息存入符合规则的队列中。再由队列的消费者进行消费的。
5、主题模式
上面的路由模式是根据路由key进行完整的匹配（完全相等才发送消息），这里的通配符模式通俗的来讲就是模糊匹配。
符号“#”表示匹配一个或多个词，符号“*”表示匹配一个词。
1、生产者
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈主题模式-消息发送者〉
*
* @create 2020/7/8
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Send {
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_topic.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_goods.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
// String routingKey = ROUTING_KEY + ".add";
String routingKey = ROUTING_KEY + ".publish";
// String routingKey = ROUTING_KEY + ".update";
String msg = "route message ->" + routingKey;
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
System.out.println("对 " + routingKey + " 发送消息：" + msg);
//关闭连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2、消费者
注意两个消费者，路由的不同
消费者1：路由1=routing_goods.add 路由2=routing_goods.update
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息1〉
*
* @create 2020/7/8
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive1 {
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_topic_001.toString();
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_topic.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_goods.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//设置预读取数
channel.basicQos(1);
//绑定交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY + ".add");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY + ".update");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
/**
* No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}.
*
* @param consumerTag
* @param envelope
* @param properties
* @param body
*/
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [1] Receive1 msg:" + msg);
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
消费者2：路由=routing_goods.*
/**
* 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息2〉
*
* @create 2020/7/8
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class Receive2 {
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_routing_002.toString();
public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_topic.toString();
public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_goods.toString();
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//设置预读取数
channel.basicQos(1);
//绑定交换机和路由器，可以绑定多个路由
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY + ".*");
//定义消息消费者
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
/**
* No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}.
*
* @param consumerTag
* @param envelope
* @param properties
* @param body
*/
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [2] Receive1 msg:" + msg);
}
};
//接收消息
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}
3、测试结果
消费者1只能接收到.add 和 .update的消息
消费者2可以接收到.add .publish 和 .update的消息
与路由模式相似，但是，主题模式是一种模糊的匹配方式。
6.工作模式总结
这五种工作模式，可以归为三类：
生产者，消息队列，一个消费者；
生产者，消息队列，多个消费者；
生产者，交换机，多个消息队列，多个消费者；
7、四种交换器
1、direct 如果路由键完全匹配的话，消息才会被投放到相应的队列。
2、fanout 当发送一条消息到fanout交换器上时，它会把消息投放到所有附加在此交换器上的队列。
3、topic 设置模糊的绑定方式，“*”操作符将“.”视为分隔符，匹配单个字符；“#”操作符没有分块的概念，它将任意“.”均视为关键字的匹配部分，能够匹配多个字符。
4、header headers 交换器允许匹配 AMQP 消息的 header 而非路由键，除此之外，header 交换器和 direct 交换器完全一致，但是性能却差很多，因此基本上不会用到该交换器
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