京东一面:MySQL 中的 distinct 和 group by 哪个效率更高?
在语义相同,有索引的情况下:group by和distinct都能使用索引,效率相同。 在语义相同,无索引的情况下:distinct效率高于group by。原因是distinct 和 group by都会进行分组操作,但group by可能会进行排序,触发filesort,导致sql执行效率低下。
为什么在语义相同,有索引的情况下,group by和distinct效率相同? 在什么情况下,group by会进行排序操作?
1
SELECT DISTINCT columns FROM table_name WHERE where_conditions;
mysql> select distinct age from student;
+------+
| age |
+------+
| 10 |
| 12 |
| 11 |
| NULL |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
SELECT DISTINCT column1,column2 FROM table_name WHERE where_conditions;
mysql> select distinct sex,age from student;
+--------+------+
| sex | age |
+--------+------+
| male | 10 |
| female | 12 |
| male | 11 |
| male | NULL |
| female | 11 |
+--------+------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
SELECT columns FROM table_name WHERE where_conditions GROUP BY columns;
mysql> select age from student group by age;
+------+
| age |
+------+
| 10 |
| 12 |
| 11 |
| NULL |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
SELECT columns FROM table_name WHERE where_conditions GROUP BY columns;
mysql> select sex,age from student group by sex,age;
+--------+------+
| sex | age |
+--------+------+
| male | 10 |
| female | 12 |
| male | 11 |
| male | NULL |
| female | 11 |
+--------+------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> select sex,age from student group by sex;
+--------+-----+
| sex | age |
+--------+-----+
| male | 10 |
| female | 12 |
+--------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> explain select int1_index from test_distinct_groupby group by int1_index;
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test_distinct_groupby | NULL | range | index_1 | index_1 | 5 | NULL | 955 | 100.00 | Using index for group-by |
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> explain select distinct int1_index from test_distinct_groupby;
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test_distinct_groupby | NULL | range | index_1 | index_1 | 5 | NULL | 955 | 100.00 | Using index for group-by |
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> explain select int6_bigger_random from test_distinct_groupby GROUP BY int6_bigger_random;
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+----------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+----------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test_distinct_groupby | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 97402 | 100.00 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-----------------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+----------+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/order-by-optimization.html
GROUP BY 默认隐式排序(指在 GROUP BY 列没有 ASC 或 DESC 指示符的情况下也会进行排序)。然而,GROUP BY进行显式或隐式排序已经过时(deprecated)了,要生成给定的排序顺序,请提供 ORDER BY 子句。
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/order-by-optimization.html
从前(Mysql5.7版本之前),Group by会根据确定的条件进行隐式排序。在mysql 8.0中,已经移除了这个功能,所以不再需要通过添加order by null 来禁止隐式排序了,但是,查询结果可能与以前的 MySQL 版本不同。要生成给定顺序的结果,请按通过ORDER BY指定需要进行排序的字段。
在语义相同,有索引的情况下:
在语义相同,无索引的情况下:
group by语义更为清晰 group by可对数据进行更为复杂的一些处理
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