卵果蕨
共 3475字,需浏览 7分钟
·
2023-11-09 06:56
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt in Canad. Nat. & Quart. Journ. Sci. n. s. 3: 29. 1866; Morton in Amer. Fern Journ. 57: 177. 1967; Holtt. in Blumea 17: 10. 1969 et 19(1): 26. 1971; Kuo, in Fl. Taiwan 1: 424. 1975; Love, Love et Pich. Ser., Cytotax. Atl. Pterid. 198. 1977; Kramer, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Europa 1: 124. f. 106-107. 1984; Dixit, Cens. Ind. Pterid. 110. 1984; Cody et Britton, Ferns & Fern Allies Canada 251. f. 130. 1989; Nakaike, New Fl. Jap. (rev. & enlarg.) 501. f. 501. 1992; A. R. Sm. in Fl. North Amer. 2: 222. 1993; Tsai et Shieh, in Fl. Taiwan 2ed. 1: 392. 1994. ——Polypodium connectilis Michx. in Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 271. 1803.——Phegopteri polypodioides Fee, Gen. Fil. 243. 1852; Christ, Farker. d. Erde 275. 1897; H. Ito in Nakai et Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 151. 1939. et Fil. Jap. Ill. f. 341. 1944; Manton, Prob. Cytol. Evel. Pterid. 82. 1950; Tagawa, Col. Ill. Jap. Pterid. 107. t. 40, f. 227. 1959; Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 312. 1963; Ic. Corm. Sin. 1: 206. f. 412. 1972; Fl. Tsinling. 2: 131. t. 33. f. 1-3. 1974; Y. L. Zhang et al., Sporae. Pterid. Sin. 299. 1976; 丁宝章等, 河南植物志 1: 75. f. 91. 1981; Nakaike et Malik in Crypt. Fl. Pakistan 1: 266. 1992. ——Polypodium phegopteris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753; Ledeb., Fl. Amu. 337. 1859; Hook., Brit. Fern t. 3. 1861. et Sp. Fil. 4: 245. 1867; Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2, Bot. 1: 308. 1880; Hope in Journ. Bomabay Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 79. 1903. ——Polystichum phegopteris (L.) Roth, Rem. Arch. 2: 106. 1799. et Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 72. 1800. ——Lastrea phegopteris (L.) Bory in Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 9: 233. 1826; Cop., Gen. Fil. 137. 1947; Owhi, Fl. Jap. Pterid. 94. 1957. ——Aspidium phegopterum (L.) Daumg., Enum. Stirp. Tans. 4: 28. 1846. ——Gymnocarpium phegopteris (L.) Newm. in Phytol. 4: 23. 1851. ——Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Keys, Pol. Cyath. Herb. Bung. 50. 1873. ——Nephrodium phegopteris (L.) Prantl, Excur. Bayern 23. 1844; Dielsin Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 170. 1899; Matsum, Ind. Pl. Jap. 1: 323. 1904.——Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 284. 1906. et in Bot. Gaz. 56. 322. 1913; Kom., Fl. Pen. Kantsch. 1: 62. 1927; Ogata, Ic. Fil. Jap. 1: Pl, 22. 1928; Fomin in Busch. Fl. Sib. Orient. extr. 5: 85. 1930.——Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss. in Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 1043. 1917; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 6: 277. 1936; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 (蕨类植物门) 131. f. 169. 1957; 张玉良等, 东北草本植物志, 1: 47. f. 40. 1958; K. Iwats. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto B, 31(3): 136. 1965 et Ferns & Fern AlliesJap. 210. pl. 133, 1-2. ——Phegopteris vulgaris Mett., Fil. Hort. Lips. 83. 1856. nom. illeg. et Farngat. Pheg. & Aspid. n. 19. 1858; J. Sm., Ferns Brit. & For. 171. 1866; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. 290. 1883.
植株高25-40厘米。根状茎长而横走,粗1-2厘米,先端被亮棕色、卵状披针形的薄鳞片。叶远生;叶柄长15-30厘米,基部粗约2毫米,褐棕色,疏被鳞片,向上为禾秆色,近光滑;叶片三角形,先端渐尖并羽裂,长13-20厘米,基部宽10-18厘米,二回羽裂;羽片约10对,通常对生,平展,披针形,基部一对最大,略向下斜展,渐尖头,基部略变狭或不变狭,与第二对羽片分离,相距1-1.5厘米,长5-9厘米,宽1-2厘米,裂片长圆形,先端圆或钝,边缘全缘或波状浅裂;其上各对羽片渐次缩小,基部沿叶轴以倒三角形翅彼此相连;叶脉羽状,侧脉单一或偶有分叉。叶草质或纸质,干后灰绿色或黄绿色,两面疏被灰白色针状长毛,沿叶轴和羽轴多少被小鳞片;鳞片浅棕色,长卵状披针形,边缘有疏缘毛。孢子囊群卵圆形或圆形,背生于侧脉的近顶端,靠近叶边,无盖;孢子囊顶部近环带处有一二刚毛;孢子外壁光滑,周壁表面高低不平,具颗粒状纹饰。染色体2n=60,90。
产黑龙江(饶河)、吉林(抚松、安图、长白山)、辽宁、河南(滦川、卢氏、西陕、老君山)、陕西(眉县、宁陕、佛坪、太白山)、四川(峨眉山、大相岭)、贵州(印江、梵净山)、云南(大关,白沙岭)。生林下,海拔1200-3140米。广布北半球温带地区,向南到中亚山地和喜马拉雅地区。模式标本采自北美。
本种和仅产于北美的姊妹种,六角卵果蕨Phegopteris hexagonopteris(Michx.)Fee形体极为相似,但后者的羽片向基部明显变狭,基部一对羽片和第二对羽片的倒三角下延的翅相连;叶薄草质,两面被疏短毛,侧脉常为二叉。虽然本种有时第二对羽片基部亦多少以倒三角形的翅下延,但极少和第一对羽片相连,且毛被和质地截然不同。