简介
李成(919年-约967年),字咸熙,中国五代宋初画家,青州(今属山东潍坊)人。李成上代居长安,后迁青州益都,人称“李营丘”;他多读经史,能写诗,善琴、弈;尤善于画山水,初师从荆浩、关仝,后来向自然学习,评者谓“峰峦叠嶂,林木稠薄,泉流深浅,如就真景”,也写平远寒林,得潇洒清旷之致;他笔势锋利,墨法精微,好用淡墨,所谓“惜墨如金”,如在梦雾之中;画山石若云动,后人称这种画法为“卷云皴”。李成为唐宗室,在北宋时期和范宽、关仝并称为“三家鼎峙”,当时评价他“凡称山水者必以成为古今第一”,将他的山水和吴道子的人物相提并论。他主要描绘齐鲁一带山水。后代郭熙等人都是师法他的山水画法。李成的作品有《盘车图》、《渔乐图》、《寒鸦图》、《山水图》等。宣和御府所藏有195卷,真伪难辨。只有翟院深的摹本可以乱真,但缺少神气。现存的宋画中有他和王晓合作的《读碑窠石图》。
影视作品
晴峦萧寺图
绢本,水墨设色,111.4*56厘米,美国纳尔逊-阿特金斯艺术博物馆藏。图上所画为冬日山谷景色,二处高峰耸立,挺拔险峻,一道瀑布从高处倾泻而下,与一道低瀑汇合成河。中景山丘上建有寺塔楼阁,宏伟优美,近处厅台楼阁数座,游客聚集,谈天说地,甚是惬意。李成,其传世作品有《读碑窠石图》
读石碑巢石
冬天森林里的松树
寒林行旅
During the tenth and eleventh centuries, majestic trees rivaled panoramic landscapes as sources of artistic inspiration. The hermit-painter Jing Hao (荊浩, ca.880–940), for example, saw in the pine tree "the moral character of the virtuous man," while the preeminent landscape master Li Cheng is said to have painted desolate scenes of winter because "men of virtue are now found only in the wilderness." Travelers in a Wintry Forest follows a well-known composition by Li Cheng as described by Mi Fu (米芾, 1051–1107) in his History of Painting (畫史). The scene is a microcosm of the natural cycle of growth and decay, with the great pine, symbolizing the virtuous gentleman, surrounded by trees ranging from youthful saplings to a shattered ancient hulk. The stoic silence of the wintry forest is matched by the unyielding spirit of the scholar on his donkey—the noble recluse who has entered the mountains to rediscover in nature the moral order that is lost in the human world.
在山里的佛教寺庙
渔民晚歌图
寒林平野
茂林远岫图(小版全卷)
绢本,水墨,画芯45.2*143.2厘米,辽宁省博物馆藏。图上描绘的为夏日景色,近处溪桥流水,轻舟泊岸,厅台楼阁,行人忙碌;远处山腰间瀑布飞泻,溪流潺潺,云气弥漫,宫殿密布。技法上不见笔痕,以擦染为主,山顶及树木偶用重墨点出。卷首有乾隆题词,画上又再题一次,可见他对此画的喜爱!
寒鸦图卷
绢本水墨,画芯27.1*113.2厘米,辽宁省博物馆藏。图上树杆粗壮,但叶已落尽,应为深秋或隆冬,鸟儿们三五成群或地上觅食,或树枝上观望,叽叽喳喳,一起度过寒冬,地面的杂草上以及树枝上以白线勾勒,是否为没融化完的残雪?李成,字咸熙,五代宋初画家,喜画平远寒林,画法简练,好用淡墨,有“惜墨如金”之称。
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